On the alleged intrinsic immorality of mixed martial arts

In two recent articles, Nicholas Dixon has argued that the intent to hurt and injure opponents which is essential to mixed martial arts (MMA) makes the sport intrinsically immoral. Although bondage, domination, sadism, and masochism (BDSM) also involves the intentional infliction of pain and injury, Dixon argues that it is morally permissible in many cases. In this paper, I examine the principle underlying Dixon's differentiation of MMA and BDSM. I argue that, when properly elaborated, that principle does not in fact condemn MMA as intrinsically immoral, but rather implies that the attitudes and actions of most autonomously consenting amateur MMA fighters and some autonomously consenting professionals are prima facie morally permissible.     

Competition as cooperation

Games have a complex, and seemingly paradoxical structure: they are both competitive and cooperative, and the competitive element is required for the cooperative element to work out. They are mechanisms for transforming competition into cooperation. Several contemporary philosophers of sport have located the primary mechanism of conversion in the mental attitudes of the players. I argue that these views cannot capture the phenomenological complexity of game-play, nor the difficulty and moral complexity of achieving cooperation through game-play. In this paper, I present a different account of the relationship between competition and cooperation. My view is a distributed view of the conversion: success depends on a large number of features. First, the players must achieve the right motivational state: playing for the sake of the struggle, rather than to win. Second, successful transformation depends on a large number of extra-mental features, including good game design, and social and institutional features.     

Reading the mass violence in Indonesia 1965–1966 as a form of primitive accumulation

Abstract

A human rights perspective is compromised in its ability to understand and respond to the mass violence that took place in Indonesia, largely against members and supporters of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) from 1965–1966. In “Indonesia's Original Sin: Mass Killings and Capitalist Expansion, 1965–66,” Hilmar Farid makes the point that a human rights standpoint is limited when capital or its various actors, are involved in propagating and/or perpetrating mass violence. In starting to fashion an alternative reading, Farid proposes Marx's notion of primitive accumulation. While Farid's position is suggestive, I contend that his analysis is marred by a number of theoretical weaknesses, which I attempt to sublate in this article. As such, I will offer an alternative reading of primitive accumulation perceived through a multi-dimensional local/global dialectic.     

对国内5人制足球比赛中个人技术应用的分析

通过对全国2007年室内5人制足球比赛决赛阶段的8场比赛观看与统计,分析研究5人制足球比赛中队员接触球、传球、射门、接控球等技术特点,为我国普及、推广此项运动和提高运动员的技术水平,提供科学的参考依据。     

2005-2006赛季CBA中外球员技术特点分析

以2005-2006 CBA联赛中的外援中锋、前锋、后卫球员与国内中锋、前锋、后卫球员为主要对象,采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、对比分析法进行研究,主要从比赛中的若干技术指标方面进行分析,发现国内球员在三分投篮命中率、助攻、罚球命中率方面相比外援球员有一定的优势且失误比外援少,但在二分球命中率、篮板球、抢断、快攻、身体对抗以及场均得分方面不如外援球员。因此,要正确使用外援,充分借鉴外援的优势,提高国内球员在强对抗情况下的技术运用能力,以此来推动CBA联赛向更高层次的发展。     

体育教学中冷暴力现象及其消解

作为一种暴力现象,冷暴力在教学中随处可见。体育教学中的冷暴力现象有：教学态度疏远与冷漠;语言讽刺与讥笑;教学行为无视与放任;漫骂与训斥等。其危害有：危害学生成长;制约教师进步;妨碍师生和谐关系;危害社会环境。消解途径有：建立教学“结构”规范、促进教师“能动反思”;消除教师“不平衡感”和“情绪衰竭”;优化“学校情境”和“教学活动”空间;提高学生的“思想道德”和“心理素质”水平。     

国内外关于妇女体育发展研究的整理分析

通过对促进和阻碍妇女体育发展的相关文献进行整理分析,发现促进妇女体育发展的研究包括相关政策、法规方面的一些修正、女权运动的促进作用、妇女参与运动机会的增多、妇女健身意识的增强等几个方面。而阻碍发展的研究包括政策、法规方面还存在还多不足、传统思想对妇女体育的阻碍、妇女参与体育的机会相对少和宗教种族影响妇女体育的发展。     

英国反足球观众暴力立法的变迁历程与内容透视

通过文献资料调研对英国的反足球观众暴力立法进行研究,分析英国历年来的相关立法,找出它们之间的变迁和沿革关系,从横向、纵向两方面对相关立法的主要内容进行总结,结果认为英国的每一部反足球观众暴力立法都有其相关背景;这些立法之间有着密切的联系;英国进行反足球观众暴力立法的重点是,从一开始的赛场安全逐渐转移到了对足球观众暴力事件的控制和防范;逐渐扩大了足球观众暴力犯罪的范围,加大了对足球观众暴力犯罪的打击和处罚力度;赋予了法院和警方更多的权力和责任。     

对足球运动员比赛中攻击与暴力行为的分析研究

现代体育运动竞争激烈,在足球运动中球场上的暴力事件层出不穷,足球运动员在比赛中攻击和暴力行为也频频出现。本文通过对体育竞赛中攻击性行为和暴力行为的概念以及攻击理论的分析研究,归纳了足球运动员在比赛中攻击性行为和暴力行为产生的因素,以及对此现象的控制和预防措施,以期在足球比赛中运动员尽量避免不文明行为的发生,净化赛场风气。     

我国篮球竞赛暴力事件中球员暴力成因与对策研究

对国内外篮球重大赛事的24场典型暴力事件进行统计分析,总结归纳了3大类26项暴力成因,并对成因进行2轮专家调查和分成不同模块进行R型因子分析,确定了关键因素,揭示了心理基础;进而从管理机构、裁判员队伍、教练员队伍、运动员队伍、现场球迷、新闻媒介等方面探讨篮球竞赛暴力事件的规避策略。