Rural women in development: Veil of invisibility,world of workFemmes rurales et le developpement: Voile d'invisibilite,monde de travailLas mujeres rurales en el desarrolo: El velo de las invisibilidad,en mundo del trabajo

Over the last decade, evidence has been accumulating that the process of development has resulted more frequently in greater economic marginalization than benefits for poor rural women in much of the Third World. Yet recent efforts aimed at incorporating these poor non-urban women into development have been hampered by the “veil of invisibility” hiding their past and present conditions and contributions. This article formulates some hypotheses concerning female invisibility as well as productivity, and then contrasts the extant view of rural Third World women as relatively unproductive with (1) evidence drawn from evolutionary history, and (2) data from new micro-level and UN studies. The former indicates that women were the primary producers in most pre-agrarian human groups. The latter indicate that women continue to produce approximately half the world's food, although there is dramatic regional variation. The article concludes with an analysis of the statistical biases and stereotypes that obscure these contributions and briefly indicates the cost of this invisibility to the countries involved as well as to the women themselves.     

基于Dr．COM软件的外置式校园网用户管理系统的实现

在ACCESS窗体中通过VBA自动操作本地数据库,自动启动和运行WORD中的VBA代码——自动将数据库中数据形成WORD文档、自动打印、命名和存档到指定目录中。最后在VBA中经WINDOWSAPI调用自动启动、操作和将ACCESS中的数据填充到Dr．COM软件中。实现外置式校园网用户管理系统的效果。     

试论中法近代革命的差异

在中法近代史上，辛亥革命和法国大革命存在许多差别，两最大的差别在于法国大革命是一件长期历史工作的最后完成，辛亥革命却是希望在短时间内“毕其功于一役”。孙中山要完成近代革命几代人才能完成的工作，实现所谓历史跳跃，从当时的客观条件和资产阶级本身来看，是不切实际的。     

全面抗战时期国民政府孙中山纪念与仪式政治——以《申报》为中心的考察（1937．7一l938．11）

全面抗战时期国民政府通过对孙中山诞辰纪念、孙中山逝世纪念等孙中山纪念仪式的运作．强化了民众对中华民族的民族认同、国家认同,对国民党的政党认同,对中华民国的政权认同,对孙中山及蒋介石的领袖认同,并且凸显了“抗战建国”的时代主题,成为国民政府进行抗战动员的一种有效形式．是现代民族国家进行政治话语输出的有效探索,也显示出“党国”在权力技术实践空间的日臻成熟。     

基于库帕博士起源下的健美操发展研究

针对库帕博士创编健美操以来健美操的发展现状展开研究,认为库帕博士的创编对健美操基本功能的定位和基本形式的确立的起了重要作用,健美操的功能、类别与具体的知识和技术技能在此基础上得以发展与创新,并将在职业化与医疗保健方面得到快速发展。     

Reader and nonreader conception of the spoken word

The development of the concept of word in readers and nonreaders was investigated. Five reader and nonreader male students from four age groups (6.5–7.5; 7.6–8.5; 8.6–9.5; 9.6–10.5) were tested using the procedures developed by J. Downing and P. Oliver (Reading Research Quarterly, 1973–1974, 9, 581–586). Results from an analysis of variance indicated significant effects for reading levels (p < .001), age (p < .05), stimuli (p < .01), and a significant interaction between reading level and stimulus class (p < .05). Evidence indicates nonreaders may be confused about the differences between a short word and phonemes, syllables, sentences, and long words.     

Whiplash shaking syndrome: retinal hemorrhages and computerized axial tomography of the brain

Three cases of whiplash shaking injury of infants are presented. All children presented with seizures and had minimal signs of external injury. Examination of the retina revealed extensive retinal hemorrhages. These were missed on initial examination and were only discovered after pupillary dilatation. The presence of these palecentered retinal hemorrhages suggested the diagnosis of child abuse and skeletal surveys and thorough social histories confirmed the diagnosis. Despite extensive retinal hemorrhages, computerized axial tomography (C.T.) scan showed minimal inter-hemispheric bleeding. In contrast to the "Battered Child Syndrome," all the findings in whiplash shaking syndrome of infants are subtle and demand an awareness, an index of suspicion and a thorough examination which may include extensive retinal examination following dilatation of the pupils. This latter examination is frequently not performed by family physicians and residents so that the syndrome may be missed. A fourth case is also discussed where shaking is admitted on initial presentation but said to be done for resuscitation. This poses an immense diagnostic dilemma to the pediatrician since in this case the child presented later with all the signs of physical abuse.