《汉语大词典》失收《史记》双音动词考

《史记》是秦汉时期语言实录的一部宏篇巨著,其词汇在汉语词汇史上具有重要的意义。从大型历时性辞书编纂的角度看,《史记》必当是辞书所选秦汉语料之一,如大型辞书《汉语大词典》就大量以《史记》为语料而设定词条及义项,又大量引之为书证。但就该辞书所收词条看,仍存有不少词条失收问题。今就所检《汉语大词典》失收《史记》双音动词数则作一些简要考释,以期对读者阅读、研究《史记》及辞书的再次修订有一定的参考价值。     

Exploring student learning approaches on an initial teacher education programme: A comparison of mature learners and direct entry third-level students

This article compares the learning approaches of students on an initial teacher education programme. Using a mixed method approach, the study examines differences between mature learners and direct entry students, across the domains of deep, strategic and surface learning approaches. Following the quantitative phase, group interviews were conducted to gain additional insights into the factors, which impacted learning approach. Significant differences were evident between both cohorts. The key categories that contributed to learning approach included; motivation to learn, collaborative and competitive learning, prior educational experiences and school placement. The findings provide insights into the diversity of student cohorts.     

Until when does the effect of age on academic achievement persist? Evidence from Korean data

According to an analysis of Korean student panel survey data, monthly differences in age had a significant influence on academic achievement until middle school (lower secondary education). However, this age effect did not persist when students graduated from high school (upper secondary education). Furthermore, some evidence is found that younger students, upon entering high school, were more likely to concentrate on academic studies, and less likely to experience minor distractions, thereby compensating for their poor academic achievement in middle school.     

法治视角下我国运动员参赛资格管理的改革与创新

文章运用文献资料法对我国运动员参赛资格存在的典型问题及特点、运动员参赛资格改革的困境进行了分析,在此基础上借鉴权利保障、公平竞争、程序正义原则,提出了我国运动员参赛资格管理改革的几点建议。研究认为:我国运动员参赛资格存在的典型问题为,尖子运动员无法获得参赛资格、运动员的竞争优势被蓄意改变、运动员参赛行为遭受人为干扰;其特点主要表现为,问题主要集中发生在我国的传统优势项目,运动员处于弱势被支配地位,运动员较难争取应得权益。改革的困境主要在于,管理机构设置方面,选拔主体与审批主体同构,权力缺乏制约;管理理念方面,国家利益或集体利益高于一切,个人利益有时成为牺牲品;管理流程方面,自由裁量空间大,选拔程序尚待规范;管理手段方面,监督和约束手段相对单一,管理亟需优化。研究建议:逐步做实项目协会和奥委会,体育行政部门负责监督、审计和政治审查;严禁参赛资格的利益交换,以法治代人治,保障运动员的合理权益;建构规范的管理流程,明晰选拔标准、程序及选拔主体权限,提升管理效能;完善内部救济机制,司法适度介入,提升运动员参赛资格的权利保障和救济水平。     

安徽沿江地区耕地数量变化特征及其对粮食安全的影响

粮食主产区的耕地面积变化不仅影响到区域可持续发展，更关系到国家的粮食安全。本文利用50年的耕地统计数据和近年的土地利用详查变更数据，揭示了安徽省沿江地区土地利用结构和耕地面积变化的总体特征，并对耕地面积变化的主要驱动因子进行了分析，在定量分析耕地数量变化和经济发展关系的基础上，对未来耕地数量和粮食生产安全保障进行了预测。结果表明：①沿江地区土地利用基本特征表现为以农用地为主，工矿用地和未利用土地比例大；土地的投入强度大，综合产出率高；耕地面积持续减少。耕地总量经历了缓慢增长、快速下降、缓慢减少、急剧减少的变化过程，人均耕地面积持续减少;②耕地总面积减少与GDP总量和人均GDP之间存在对数关系，二者间的弹性系数不断下降，现状已接近上海市水平，表明经济发展模式已开始向集约型转变;③利用拟合的关系式，估算2010年和2020年的耕地将在现状基础上分别减少3.09×10⁴～3.91×10⁴hm²和5.07×10⁴～6.78×10⁴hm²，届时耕地总面积将会保持在149×10⁴hm²和146×10⁴hm²以上。2010年耕地数量可以满足粮食安全的需要(保持粮食产量占到全国总产量的3.08%)，至2020年，耕地数量将会略低于粮食安全的需求。     

Best entry points for structured document retrieval—Part II: Types,usage and effectiveness

Structured document retrieval makes use of document components as the basis of the retrieval process, rather than complete documents. The inherent relationships between these components make it vital to support users’ natural browsing behaviour in order to offer effective and efficient access to structured documents. This paper examines the concept of best entry points, which are document components from which the user can browse to obtain optimal access to relevant document components. It investigates at the types of best entry points in structured document retrieval, and their usage and effectiveness in real information search tasks.     

中国化肥消费需求影响因素及走势分析——Ⅰ化肥供应

从化肥的要素特征来说,供应条件在很大程度上决定着消费需求,中国这一特征更加明显。由于我国资源基础薄弱,生产技术整体较低,化肥供应不足,导致化肥消费在建国以后很长一段时间处于较低水平。从上世纪80年代开始,随着资源开发力度加大,化肥生产技术日渐成熟,我国化肥产业在总量上和结构上发生了极大的变化,氮肥已自给有余,磷肥自给率达到94%,高浓度化肥正在逐渐替代低浓度化肥,工业的发展促进了消费。但随着氮磷肥的供需总量趋于平衡,供应对需求的制约和影响正在降低,需求拉动供应的时期即将开始。但我国化肥供应仍存在空间不平衡的问题,化肥消费主要集中在化肥产业发达地区。随着资源缺乏和价格变化,化肥工业将不断向部分资源产地集中,化肥品种结构也将持续向高浓度发展,这将直接导致化肥消费的空间差异进一步扩大,化肥消费品种进一步改变。在资源价格波动影响下,我国化肥价格持续升高,但中国化肥需求价格弹性趋于稳定,在整体经济环境不发生大的波动的情况下,化肥价格变化对化肥需求的影响比较微弱。总之,我国化肥供应对化肥消费的驱动作用正在逐步减弱,通过合理消费来引导化肥产业的健康发展将是未来的方向。     

论高职教育校企合作的动力机制与合作模式

高职教育校企合作的动力机制需从教育与经济、市场、利益双赢及政府管理等多个层面进行分析和考量;校企合作应采用共建生产实训基地、共建经济实体、校企文化对接、依托行业背影、开展工学交替等合作模式,为实现人才培养模式的转变提供保障。     

中国加入WTO对职教的影响及其对策

介绍了“入世”对职业技术教育带来的各种影响:正面的或负面的,直接的或间接的,长期的或短期的;分析了它们的特性;提出了职教深化改革中可以采取的对应策略。     

ICT/media uses and college entry for students from diverse backgrounds

This study examined the effects of two types of Information communication technology and media (ICT/media) use on college access using ICT/media to obtain college information as a mediator paying focused attention to English language learners. The study analyzed the Educational Longitudinal Study (ELS) from the US Department of Education, employing a survival analysis with structural equation modeling components. The results demonstrated that the frequent use of a computer for independent learning had significantly positive direct, indirect, and total effects on college entry for both English language learners and native English-speaking students. However, the digital gameplay had significantly negative effects. The study discusses the implications of using ICT/media.