Children’s Reading Comprehension and Oral Reading Fluency in Easy Text

This study explored third-graders’ oral reading fluency (ORF) in easy text in relation to their third- and fourth-grade reading comprehension. It also examined the children’s performance on two different measures of text exposure, a self-report questionnaire and a title-recognition test. Although third-graders’ ORF related significantly to their reading comprehension, oral language comprehension accounted for most of the variance in reading comprehension, whereas single word reading speed accounted for most of the variance in ORF. Third-grade reading comprehension and ORF each predicted unique variance in children’s scores on a fourth-grade state-mandated reading comprehension assessment. Scores on the self-report questionnaire correlated significantly with third-grade ORF and fourth-grade reading; the self-report accounted for reliable variance in ORF even with all of the other reading ability variables entered first. Results are consistent with the viewpoint that text exposure affects reading fluency. They also demonstrate that ORF is a valuable predictor of middle-elementary children’s reading comprehension, even when the ORF measure employs very easy text in which children achieve near-perfect word accuracy.     

Examining environmental learning experiences at an earth education summer camp

Many barriers restrict children’s access to nature resulting in negative consequences, including a lack of opportunities to learn and engage with the natural environment. Fortunately, environmental education programs offer participants an opportunity to counteract these challenges. While the benefits of environmental education as measured by pre-determined outcomes are well documented, research focused on participants’ perceptions and preferences related to their environmental learning experiences continues to be under-represented in the literature. Using a pre-/post-test survey approach, this study aimed to explore how an earth education summer camp, Sunship Earth ^TM, contributed to participants environmental learning experiences. Results suggest that Sunship Earth ^TM provides children with various EL opportunities that help to increase their understanding of some ecological concepts. Results also suggest that this learning experience may have helped to broaden participants’ understanding of environmental issues and actions, as well as enhance feelings of care, interest, and responsibility towards the environment.     

关于新旧医院会计制度下药品会计核算的差异分析

在新的医院会计制度进行过程中,增加了许多的情况表以及报表附注,如“财政收支情况表、现金流量表”。在这种情况下,新的医院会计制度将不同报表的情况以及展现的顺序进行了改变,同时还展现出了财务情况具体说明。会计是一门需要实践与操作并存的专业,因此在医院进行工作的会计人员,不仅要重视基础理论知识的掌握,还应提高自身动手操作的能力。可见,进行新医院会计制度存在积极意义。     

中药商品学教学内容和教学方法探讨

中药商品学是以中药商品质量和经营管理为核心内容,研究中药商品的商品特征和使用价值的应用学科。以山西医科大学为例,对中药商品学课程的教学内容和教学方法进行探讨。     

“Pick and choose” opinion climate: How browsing of political messages shapes public opinion perceptions and attitudes

ABSTRACT

High-choice media environments allow people to cocoon themselves with like-minded messages (confirmation bias), which could shape both individual attitudes and perceived prevalence of opinions. This study builds on motivated cognition and spiral of silence theory to disentangle how browsing political messages (both selective exposure as viewing full articles and incidental exposure as encountering leads only) shapes perceived public opinion and subsequently attitudes. Participants (N?=?115) browsed online articles on controversial topics; related attitudes and public opinion perceptions were captured before and after. Multi-level modeling demonstrated a confirmation bias. Both selective and incidental exposure affected attitudes per message stance, with stronger impacts for selective exposure. Opinion climate perceptions mediated selective exposure impacts on attitudes.     

RxNorm多词表语义互操作机制研究

信息系统的语义互操作是网络环境下知识组织系统建设与应用中面临的重要课题。在药学领域,RxNorm是具有代表性的语义互操作支持工具。文章通过系统分析RxNorm知识组织方式,从概念表示、属性继承与规范化、多层次术语类型和结构化语义网以及数据存储方式等多方面来解析RxNorm多词表语义互操作的实现机制,列举典型应用实例,并提出对其成功经验的一些思考。     

浅谈高职艺术专业摄影教学中需着重强调的几个问题

对学生的实际拍摄过程和作品分析发现,学生摄影作品中,艺术的体现的确存在相当程度的不足;在实际拍摄过程中,表现出的对单反相机驾驭操控能力的欠缺也普遍存在。目前摄影教学中表现出来的问题,不只是技术或者艺术哪一个单方层面的偏颇,过于推崇“技术流”或“艺术流”都是片面的,技术与艺术并重的“两条腿走路”才是应该提倡的教学和学习方法。     

基于校企合作的《药物检测技术》课程改革与实践

《药物检测技术》是药品质量检测技术专业的一门核心课程,也是实用性很强的课程,要求学生掌握药品生产和贮存等各环节的质量控制方法和操作技能。针对在教学过程中发现的各种问题,利用我校校企合作的平台,结合医药企业对药检岗位专业人才的要求,从分析问题、解决问题的角度入手,对《药物检测技术》课程的理论和实践教学进行了深入的研究,提出了一些创新性的教学理念和手段,并不断进行实践,大大提高了课程的教学效果。     

Unraveling the relationships between smartphone use,exposure to heterogeneity,political efficacy,and political participation: a mediation model approach

This paper assesses how use of smartphones relates to exposure to heterogeneity, political efficacy, and political engagement and suggests a new mediation model that can be applied to mobile communication. Drawing on online survey data collected during the 2012 presidential election in South Korea, this study finds that exposure to heterogeneity and political efficacy jointly mediate the impact of informational uses of smartphones on political participation. The current study also shows that informational uses of smartphones are significantly related to encounters with heterogeneity, political efficacy, and participatory behaviors. Additionally, recreational uses of smartphones were found to have a positive association with exposure to heterogeneity. However, relational uses of smartphones were not associated with democratic outcomes. The findings suggest that smartphones, by increasing the possibility of encountering diversity and subsequently enhancing political efficacy, create an additional pathway to citizen engagement in democratic processes.