东罗马帝国君士坦丁宗教政策的政治动因

君士坦丁缔造了东罗马帝国，其在位期间所推行的基督教政策对帝国历史的发展影响深远，意义重大。其宗教政策的政治动因是为其政治目的服务的，主要表现在：实行宗教宽容，巩固政治地位，扩大割据势力；利用基督教统一帝国；控制基督教，强化专制皇权。     

燕山构造带滦平早白垩世盆地沉积过程和演化

滦平盆地是燕山构造带内一个具有代表性的早白垩世伸展盆地.对盆地内沉积岩相和相组合的详细分析结果显示,盆地内部发育不同的沉积相带并显示明显的空间变化.盆地北部和西部边缘以冲积扇砾岩和扇三角洲砂岩、砾岩沉积为主,盆地中心为湖泊细粒沉积.河流相砂岩和砾岩主要分布于盆地的东南部.古流向和物源恢复结果证明,盆地沉积物主体来自于北部和西部老变质岩基底,仅少部分沉积物来自盆地的东南缘.盆地构造沉降和沉积充填过程主要受北缘和西缘张性断层的控制,断层下盘基底岩石的抬升与盆地边界正断层活动相关,从而成为盆地主要的物源区.滦平盆地的演化可划分为三个阶段：即早期火山喷发阶段、中期强烈断陷阶段和晚期填平阶段.滦平盆地代表了早白垩世燕山构造带其它同类盆地的发展过程,它们皆以小型独立的盆地发育为特征.     

Child and family traumatic stress intervention (CFTSI) reduces parental posttraumatic stress symptoms: A multi-site meta-analysis (MSMA)

BackgroundFollowing traumatization, caregiver support is a crucial factor contributing to children's successful management of posttraumatic reactions and their recovery. Caregivers who have been traumatically impacted themselves, however, may be compromised in this posttraumatic caregiving role. Although there are a number of evidence-based child trauma treatments that are effective in reducing children's trauma symptoms, the impact of child treatment on participating caregiver's posttraumatic symptoms (PTS) has received less attention.ObjectiveExplore PTS reduction caregivers experience through participation in their child's evidence-based trauma-focused mental health treatment.Participants and setting640 Child-Caregiver dyads referred for the Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention (CFTSI) following formal disclosure of abuse in a Child Advocacy Center (CAC).MethodsData were collected from 10 community treatment sites trained in CFTSI. A multi-site meta-analytic approach was used to evaluate pooled and site-specific therapeutic effect sizes for caregivers and children.ResultsCFTSI was associated with significant changes (Hedge's g = 1.17, Child-rated; g = 0.66, caregiver-rated) in children's PTS and with clinically meaningful improvements in PTS for 62% of participating caregivers who had started CFTSI with clinical levels of PTS as measured by the Post Traumatic Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C). The overall mean PCL-C change (9.31, SD = 12.9) in paired, pre-post PCL-C scores is close to a clinically meaningful change of 10 or higher. There was a robust moderate pooled effect size (g = 0.70, N = 640, p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe value of a reduction in caregiver PTS as a secondary outcome of children's trauma-focused treatment is discussed.     

Emotional and behavior problems in adopted children – The role of early adversities and adoptive parents’ regulation and behavior

BackgroundEarly adversity and negative experiences in the adoptive family can put adopted children at risk for emotional and behavior problems.ObjectiveThis study analyzes the influence of children’s preadoptive history and adoptive parents’ characteristics on the psychosocial adjustment of nationally and internationally adopted children in Germany.Participants and settingThe survey included 172 adopted children aged between 24 and 145 months and their adoptive parents.MethodsParents provided information about preadoptive history. Information about emotional and behavior problems was obtained from the parental version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parental well-being was obtained through a composite score of three standardized measures (self-efficacy questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale PSS-4, Brief Symptom Inventory BSI); parenting behavior was assessed with the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (DEAPQ).Results12.5% of the adopted children scored in the clinical range of the SDQ. In a multiple regression analysis, the experience of maltreatment and neglect was the most important predictor of emotional and behavior problems at time of assessment, followed by pre- and perinatal risk and parental stress regulation difficulties, R² = .423, F(4, 128) = 28.539. Increases in the number of risk factors present were associated with a greater odd of children scoring in the clinical range of the SDQ.ConclusionsMost of the nationally and internationally adopted children in this sample were well-adjusted. Prenatal and preadoptive risk as well as stress regulation capacities of the main caregiver contributed to the child’s development. An accumulation of risks increased the likelihood of adjustment problems in adopted children.     

From care to education and work? Education and employment trajectories in early adulthood by children in out-of-home care

BackgroundTemporal dynamics during the early adulthood transition among children in out-of-home care is a neglected research area, leaving the possibility of coping with childhood adversity over time a poorly understood topic.ObjectiveTo explore early adulthood education and employment trajectories among young adults who experienced out-of-home care during childhood and to examine how various care history factors predict these trajectories.ParticipantsWe use longitudinal birth cohort data comprising individual-level information from national registers of all children born in Finland in 1987 (N = 59,476, of whom 1893 were in care).Setting and methodsWe use trajectory clustering from a previous study on the 1987 birth cohort to compare trajectories between children in care and a propensity score–matched group of peers never in care. We investigated the association between care history factors and trajectories with multinomial logistic regression modeling.ResultsCompared with the matched peer group, children in care were less likely to enter trajectories characterized by education and employment (38%) and more likely to enter trajectories involving early parenthood (14%) or long periods of fragmented social assistance benefit receipt and unemployment (21%). Those on early parenthood trajectories were almost exclusively women, whereas those receiving social assistance benefits and experiencing unemployment for lengthy periods were mostly men. Entering disadvantaged trajectories was associated with, inter alia, placement as an adolescent, residential care, and aging out of care.ConclusionThe study demonstrates the relevance of examining longitudinal trajectories in children in care’s early adulthood. Many young adults with care experience need support in education and employment beyond young adult age.     

新规则下大级别古典跤运动员在国际比赛中技战术特点的研究

摘要：为了了解国外优秀古典式摔跤运动员在2013年新规则实施后的技战术特点,为中国摔跤队备战2016年里约奥运会的训练提供科学依据,本文通过查阅文献、专家访谈和使用自主研发的摔跤视频技战术统计分析软件对2013年摔跤比赛新规则实施后的我国古典式摔跤大级别（98公斤级和130公斤级）主要对手的比赛视频进行了研究。结论：1）新规则下98kg和130kg两个级别主要得分技术均为滚桥摔技术和转移摔技术;在其他大分值技术中像过胸摔技术、过背摔技术和抱折摔技术两个级别之间也没有明显的差异。2）新规则下站立摔技术的得分远高于跪撑摔技术。虽然站立摔得分高于跪撑摔,但是在单项动作技术得分中,跪撑摔技术中的滚桥摔是得分最高的技术。建议：1）因为古典跤采用新规则后站立摔技术得分远高于跪撑摔技术得分,所以这两个级别的运动员在日常训练中要加强对站立摔技术的训练和使用,并选择大分值动作作为自己的绝招加以练习。2）虽然在新规则中取消了30s的强制跪撑,但是增加消极判罚后,反而增加了滚桥技术的得分和使用次数,所以要加强对滚桥防守的训练。     

清末民初保定师范学校育人理念探析

保定师范学校,百年辉煌,深厚的历史积淀孕育了独特的育人理念,培育出大量人才,尤其是清末民初时期,可谓英才辈出,其严治校、重全面、重全程、重德育等方面的育人理念,对当今师范教育具有可资借鉴的价值。当今师范教育应严把入口关,选拔优秀学生,对学生从严管理,强化德育,重视对学生全面和全过程的培养。     

The history of the unspeakable: Shimokawa Masaharu’s The forgotten history of evacuation

ABSTRACT

Histories of wartime Japan often focus on the Japanese home islands after Japan’s surrender to Allied forces on 15 August 1945. Japanese citizens living in Korea, Manchuria, and elsewhere in the far-flung Japanese Empire are usually left out of the historiographical record. In a new book about the evacuees—hikiagesha—from the defunct Empire, Shimokawa Masaharu presents a vivid, harrowing portrait of the suffering of those who had to make their way back to Japan after the end of the Greater East Asia War. In particular, Shimokawa focuses on Izumi Sei’ichi, who established a sanatorium and abortuary in Fukuoka for women who had been raped by enemy soldiers.     

初唐文馆与政府图书校勘职能

初唐文馆的名称及文馆学士职能几经变化,这种变迁,与盛唐时期图书校勘发展有莫大的关联.     

论法律的理性与现代法律体系的品格——以自然法、罗马法形式理性的变迁为考察对象

现代哲学复兴了古代自然法的本体论即人的理性,而颠覆了古典自然法的二元方法论,并通过技术理性使得自然法实证化,从而产生了现代法律体系的灵魂即成文宪法.在理性至上的观念下,技术理性改造了罗马法中的形式理性,铸造了现代法律体系的形式品格;系统化的各法律部门、法律体系的观念存在、各法律部门体系化的制度机制.