Managing the written text: the beginning of punctuation in children's writing

This study aims at understanding the use of punctuation in children's early writings in connection with the organisation of the written text. Data are drawn from a larger comparative study in which written stories of Little Red Riding Hood were collected from primary school children who speak one of the three Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian). The corpus consists of 134 written stories of second grade children from low income families. Different quantitative and qualitative analysis are presented. Results show that all children, in spite of differences in literacy practices, try to make sense of the conventions of a system of writing, including punctuation marks (PMs). Some children seem to assume a ‘graphic principle', while others make sophisticated attempts to distinguish the function of PMs for different types of speech genre. Contrastive textual use of PM seems to be critical also for teaching purposes.     

Developing phonological awareness and word recognition skills: A two-year intervention with low-income,inner-city children

Low-income, inner-city children were involved in a two-year intervention delivered in the regular classroom by regular classroom teachers to develop phonological awareness and word recognition skills. For the treatment children, an 11-week phoneme awareness program in kindergarten was followed by a first grade reading program (extended to grade 2 for some children) that emphasized explicit, systematic instruction in the alphabetic code. Control children participated in the school district's regular basal reading program. Both groups participated in a phonetically-based spelling program mandated by the district. At the end of grade 1, treatment children (n = 66) significantly outperformed control children (n = 62) on measures of phonological awareness, letter name and letter sound knowledge, and three measures of word recognition, and reached marginal significance (0.056) on a fourth. They also significantly outperformed the control children on two measures of spelling. One year later, at the end of grade 2, the treatment children (n = 58) significantly outperformed the control children (n = 48) on all four measures of word recognition. For the groups as a whole, there were no differences on the one measure of spelling readministered at the end of grade 2. However, there were significant differences in spelling between the treatment (n = 16) and control children (n = 13) who remained in the bottom quartile of spellers at the end of grade 2 when partial credit was given for phonetically correct spelling, and significant differences in reading favoring these treatment children on all four measures of word recognition.     

恩格斯对政党理论的早期探索

恩格斯是在1842年底来到英国的曼彻斯特之后展开他对政党问题的早期探索的。这时的英国政党政治已经发展到比较高的水平,因而为恩格斯研究政党政治提供了远比德国和法国更为充足、更为典型的现实材料。与马克思从探讨国家问题开始涉足政党问题不同,恩格斯涉足政党问题的切入点不是理论批判,而是直接的现实考察和研究。这就决定了恩格斯对政党理论的早期探讨比起马克思来,似乎更直接、更现实、更系统一些。     

试论清季民初梁启超的道德救国思想

清季民初,梁启超深入揭露和批判了社会上道德沦丧、吏无廉耻、士无名节、重私轻公、名实相悖等社会陋习。为阐释其道德救国思想,他围绕理论上界定道德概念、近代道德核心为爱国民族精神、近代道德内涵体现为近代私德公德统一、其形成源于理性把握中外道德实质、而主旨在于塑造近代人格等方面作了比较全面系统论证,主张通过立志与修身结合、教育与引导并举、改造与育人互动、道德与制度统一达到塑造新国民,实现救国之目的。     

多元主体需求下的专利预警研究回顾与展望

以现有专利预警相关文献为研究对象,通过系统回顾与深度分析,对多元主体需求下的专利预警研究现状进行总结与梳理,分析其主要特征,并提出促进专利预警研究创新发展的改进思路与方向.研究发现:目前针对专利预警的概念内涵主要围绕专利威胁态势、专利竞争风险和专利侵权纠纷等视角展开探讨,关于专利预警机制建立的必要性、基本原则、关键作用...     

英国学前教育督导的内容、特点及启示

英国《学前教育督导手册》作为督导工作的重要文件依据,规定了英国学前教育督导的指标、等级、组织及实施等内容,从督导前、督导中、督导后三个阶段阐述了督导人员及学前教育机构的职责。文章尝试对最新版本的内容与特点进行分析,突出改进重点,把握督导理念,旨在为我国学前教育相关工作提供借鉴与启示。     

婴幼儿家长高质量育儿素养测评

人生头3年胜过以后发展的各阶段。研究以“哈佛学前项目”总负责人怀特的《The First Three Years of Life》为内容依据,自编量表对105位婴幼儿家长进行测评。结果表明:（1）婴幼儿家长高质量育儿的知识与理念得分总体偏低。如平均得分40.6,60分以上仅占5.7%。（2）“依恋与情感发展促进”“个性与社会能力发展促进”“个体差异促进”等维度得分尤其低。（3）在“学习与注意力促进”上,学历高的家长得分显著高于学历低的家长。研究揭示测试中的婴幼儿家长高质量育儿知识与理念匮乏、婴幼儿家长育儿素养亟待引起重视。     

不同品种早稻米中铬含量及其分布

分析了安徽省12种主要早稻糙米及早稻精米中铬的含量及分布情况.结果表明:不同品种、不同产地早稻糙米及精米中铬的含量有差异;铬在早稻米中的分布规律为:胚层＞糙米＞精米.     

清末民初的新闻出版法

清末民初的新闻出版法中有国家立法机关制定的法律．也有国家最高行政机关制定的行政法规。《报章应守规则》属于越权所立之法,法律规则也不完备。《报馆暂行条规》没有规定法律适用条件,行为模式和法律后果之间缺少一一对应关系,不符合法应明确、肯定的要求,不是真正意义上的新闻法律规范。《大清报律》《钦定报律》是符合立法主体和立法程序的法律,《民国暂行报律》属于南京临时政府内务部越权所立之法,《报纸条例》《修正报纸条例》《出版法》是不符合行政立法程序的行政法规。     

壳聚糖磷脂酰胆碱防治MCI的ERP早成分研究

目的观察壳聚糖磷脂酰胆碱对轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）患者数物感知觉的影响。方法采用纵向研究配伍组设计方案,根据MCI的诊断标准选取20例MCI患者,采用事件相关电位（ERP）的分析技术,通过数物感知觉对照实验,分析其ERP早成分。结果用药后MCI患者额中央区的N1,P2波幅增大（P〈0.05）以及颞枕区的N170波幅增大（P〈0．05）。结论壳聚糖磷脂酰胆碱可以改善MCI患者早期感知觉。