Help-seeking tendencies during early adolescence: An examination of motivational correlates and consequences for achievement

The present study examined the motivational correlates and achievement consequences of students’ help-seeking tendencies during sixth grade (N = 217). Students’ grades were collected from school records at the beginning and end of the school year. Midway through the year students reported on their academic self-efficacy and social demonstration goals; teachers reported on students’ help-seeking tendencies. First quarter grades and academic self-efficacy were positively related to adaptive help seeking and negatively related to avoidant help seeking. In addition, a social demonstration-approach goal was negatively related to adaptive help seeking. Help-seeking tendencies predicted 3rd quarter grades, controlling for 1st quarter grades.     

Identifying and predicting problem behavior trajectories among pre-school children investigated for child abuse and neglect

Objective

Young children involved with child welfare services are at high risk for behavior problems. This study aims to identify externalizing behavior paths that preschoolers in this high-risk population follow over a 6 year period, and the predictors of membership in normative and problematic pathways.

Methods

Using data from the National Study of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW), the sample included 246 4-year-olds who remained home after investigation. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to estimate the number, size, and shape of subgroups of preschoolers following distinct behavioral pathways. Early predictors of membership in the resulting groups were then examined.

Results

Four groups of preschool children following distinct behavior trajectories over 6 years were identified. Weighted results show that more than half (61%) of the children followed a low/normal problem behavior trajectory while just over one tenth (12%) were on a persistent high trajectory, remaining in the clinical range throughout the study. Improving (23%) and worsening (4%) problem behavior groups were also identified. Internalizing problems, attention problems, child ethnicity, and maltreatment type reported at age 4 predicted membership in the trajectory groups.

Conclusions

Internalizing behavior problems and maltreatment type may distinguish preschool children who are more likely to experience worsening or persistent problematic externalizing behaviors from those likely to follow a normal behavior trajectory.

Practice implications

Identifying early indicators of externalizing behavior problems and addressing them with evidence-based interventions to reduce negative behaviors may avert long-term negative outcomes.     

从刘翔的成功谈我国田径运动员早期训练

本文采用文献资料法、综合分析及逻辑推理等研究方法,以奥运冠军刘翔的成材之路为切入点,结合世界田坛优秀运动员的成长经历,强调对运动员进行早期专门化训练的重要性;并从非常规运动员选材模式（同类别不同项群以及同项群不同项目之间交叉选材的可行性）、运动员运动寿命的延长以及运动员竞技能力的培养与形成等,多视角、多层次进行探讨,以期为我国有关体育部门对优秀运动员的培养提供一些有价值的参考。     

中国阶层与家庭教养方式的差异——以拉鲁框架为依据

对于家庭教养方式,不同的阶层有不同的实践形式,它可以使下层阶层儿童通过良好的家庭教育获得阶层流动的机会,促进阶层的再生产。但也有研究指出,教育只在固定阶层内产生作用,甚至在一定程度上造成了阶层固化。该文将从文化资本、教育实践两个维度分析家庭阶层与教养方式的内在关系。与拉鲁《不平等的童年》中的美国社会相比,中国社会不同阶层在这两方面的具体实践有很大差异,这可能与儒家传统文化有关,也与中国的代际传承和教育制度有关。     

中国共产党早期统一战线思想探源

从党早期统一战线思想形成的社会历史根源、理论渊源进行梳理,同时对苏共和共产国际对党早期统一战线工作的影响深入探讨,从而形成了对党早期统一战线思想相对完整的认识。     

农村贫困女童人格与父母教养方式的相关研究

目的:探讨农村贫困女童的人格与父母教养方式的关系以及父母教养方式对人格的影响。方法:采用艾森克人格问卷量表、父母养育方式问卷对农村685名女童进行问卷调查,其中,重点调查了150名贫困女童。结果:贫困女童与富裕女童比较在人格内外向(E)、神经质(N)两项呈现显著性差异;贫困女童与富裕女童在教养方式上比较也呈显著性差异,即贫困女童较少得到父母亲的情感温暖、理解而较多得到父母亲的惩罚、严厉、拒绝、否认;在艾森克各维度与父母教养方式各因子间相关比较中,贫困女童在精神质(P)维度与父母亲的惩罚、严厉、过分干涉,偏爱、拒绝、否认,过度保护都呈显著正相关。神经质(N)维度除了与母亲的情感温暖、理解一项外,与父亲、母亲其他各因子都呈显著相关。结论:父母亲教养态度和方式对贫困女童的人格的形成和发展有很大的影响,各级教育机构以及社会、家庭都要特别关注农村贫困女童的教育。     

唐虞早夏时期晋南环境变迁与农业技术选择

晋南地区是我国旱作农业的起源地之一,自古以来便是全国重要的农区。然而,在唐虞早夏时期,伴随着剧烈的社会环境变迁和史前全球性气候事件下当地自然环境的逐步演变,从农业技术选择的角度上来讲,当地先民们,在传统旱作农业依然占主导地位的前提下,局部性地采取了稻作农业技术,使得稻作农业在晋南地区经历了从无到有、并获得进一步发展的过程。     

前期延安文学对左翼文学的继承

延安文学与左翼文学紧密联系。二十世纪三十年代,大批左翼知识分子来到延安,成为前期延安文学的主要建构者。他们继承了三十年代左翼文学的文学主张,重视文学的宣传功能,主张批判暴露,积极推进文艺大众化讨论,为前期延安文学带来了生机。     

建国初期襄阳生产救灾考略——兼论群众路线教育实践的现实意义

建国初期,襄阳与全国一样面临经济十分困难、灾害频繁发生的不利局面。恢复、发展生产,稳定社会秩序是当时襄阳迫切而艰巨的中心工作。由于当时中共襄阳地委很好地发动全区群众、领导群众开展生产自救,结合减租减息等群众运动,胜利渡过1950年春荒,并战胜1952年和1953年连续发生的自然灾害,超额完成各年国家粮棉夏征和秋征任务,为国民经济的恢复与发展做出了巨大贡献。实践证明,全心全意为人民服务,是党的根本宗旨;正确的群众路线,就是党的生命线和工作路线。