父母教养方式对幼儿同胞关系的影响

本文通过对649名幼儿进行问卷调查,深入探讨了父母教养方式对幼儿同胞关系的影响及父母对同胞冲突处理策略的作用机制。结果发现:二孩家庭中父母教养方式以民主型为主,父母教养方式能够显著正向预测同胞关系,父母对同胞冲突处理策略在父毋教养方式与同胞关系之间具有完全中介作用。建议伴随二孩政策推进,全面三孩政策实施,父母应坚持民主教养,为幼儿树立榜样,及时关注大孩的心理变化,树立正确处理同胞冲突的观念,采取以幼儿为中心的策略,选择合适的时机介入同胞冲突。     

Adult Role Models: Feasibility,Acceptability, and Initial Outcomes for Sex Education

The authors present the feasibility and acceptability of a parent sexuality education program led by peer educators in community settings. They also report the results of an outcome evaluation with 71 parents who were randomized to the intervention or a control group and surveyed one month prior to and six months after the four-week intervention. The program was highly feasible and acceptable to participants, and the curriculum was implemented with a high level of fidelity and facilitator quality. Pilot data show promising outcomes for increasing parental knowledge, communication, and monitoring of their adolescent children.     

幼儿攻击行为的因素分析及干预策略

一般把任何有目的地伤害他人（或其它生物）,而被伤害者则试图回避的这种行为称作是攻击行为.幼儿攻击行为一直都是教师和家长特别关注的现象,它是幼儿健康领域中的一个重要问题,影响着幼儿性格与品德的形成,还可能成为今后各种各样行为问题的导火索.影响幼儿攻击行为发展的因素有很多,包括生物学因素和社会文化因素.如何正确引导和教育幼儿减少攻击行为,对于幼儿的身心健康发展起到了至关重要的作用.本文结合小班幼儿攻击行为的个案作出分析,从生物学因素、社会文化因素两种角度提出相应的解决策略和引导方法,正确引导幼儿的行为发展,提高幼儿的道德发展水平.     

徐灿“始历恬愉,晚遭坎壈”的诗意人生

徐灿,明末清初江南才媛之一.其词集《拙政园诗余》由于艺术成就较高而受到学者的广泛关注,述评文章颇多.而其诗作《拙政园诗集》却很少进入研究者们的视线.但是该诗集由于编次付梓时间较其词集晚,且是言志之作,故更能全面反映徐灿的人生经历与心路历程,有利于我们对其全方位的认知.因此,笔者试立足于徐灿诗作,结合词作及相关史料,对她“始历恬愉,晚遭坎壈”的诗意人生加以详细考述.     

美国个别化家庭服务计划概况及启示

个别化家庭服务计划是美国整个早期干预工作的基石。自1986年美国首次提出为0到3岁的特殊婴幼儿制定个别化家庭服务计划以来,个别化家庭服务计划在理论和实践方面都取得了巨大的发展,积累了丰富的经验和教训。文章通过回顾个别化家庭服务计划在美国法律中的发展历史,介绍个别化家庭服务计划的基本内涵、制定和实施过程以及在实践中存在的问题,以期在法律保障、干预团队建设以及服务提供方面为我国特殊儿童早期干预工作的开展提供借鉴。     

Assessment in early childhood education: threats and challenges to effective assessment of immigrant children

Research indicates that early childhood professionals gather assessment information to monitor child development and learning, to guide curriculum planning and decision making, to identify children who may have special needs, to report and communicate with others, and to evaluate programmes. A review of literature indicates that immigrant children have low achievement assessment scores as compared with mainstream American children, also immigrant children enter kindergarten already behind their mainstream American peers. The current study explored early childhood teachers' perceptions of assessment measures used with immigrant children and the challenges faced when assessing immigrant children. Findings of the study reveal that there are several factors that make early childhood teachers fail to gather effective assessment information from immigrant children. Unless the factors are addressed, planning for effective curriculum for immigrant children using assessment data will continue to be a challenge for early childhood teachers. Factors that continue to affect gathering effective assessment data from immigrant children include language barriers, cultural clashes, socio‐economic factors, and culturally and linguistically biased assessment measures.     

The effects of the Healthy Steps for Young Children Program: results from observations of parenting and child development

The Healthy Steps for Young Children Program (HS) is designed to provide support for new parents through the pediatrician's office. We present findings of the effect of HS on the quality of mother–child interaction, security of attachment, and child behavior using observational data from two of the HS sites that utilized a randomized treatment design. Results indicated that mothers participating in Healthy Steps were more likely to interact sensitively and appropriately than mothers in the comparison group at the second assessment point (age 34–37 months) but not at the first assessment point (age 16–18 months). There were no differences in child outcomes at either time point when the cross-sectional data were analyzed. However, the results of the longitudinal analysis (which included families who participated in the home observations at both Time 1 and Time 2) indicated that Healthy Steps participation was associated with greater security of attachment and fewer child behavior problems.     

Teaching practices in kindergarten and first grade: different strokes for different folks

This study assessed the nature of instruction in 314 kindergarten and first-grade classrooms from 155 schools in 48 school districts in three states. The schools served a relatively high proportion of low-income children and children of color. Despite the restricted range in student populations served, qualities of the schools and observed classroom instruction were associated with the demographics of the student body. Schools serving relatively high proportions of low-income children and children of color were rated by teachers to have more negative social climates. Teachers in these schools emphasized basic skills more and engaged in more didactic teaching and less constructivist teaching practices. At the classroom level, teaching approaches were predicted by teachers’ goals, the ethnic composition of their classroom, and the degree to which teachers perceived the families of the children in their classroom to have challenges associated with poverty. Didactic teaching was particularly common in classrooms with a high proportion of African–American students and in which teachers believed poverty-related problems inhibited parent involvement in their children's education; constructivist teaching was high in classrooms with a high proportion of Caucasian children.     

浅析竞技散打运动的早期身体素质训练

文章运用了文献资料法、观察法、数理统计等研究方法,对竞技散打运动中竞技能力的发展作了概要的评述,通过查阅大量的书籍和论文,概括出了竞技散打运动的竞赛与训练中对身体素质的基本要求,以及儿童少年各项身体素质发展敏感期的图表,反思了竞技散打运动训练所存在的问题,指出竞技散打训练中儿童少年早期身体素质训练应以竞技散打技术体系的训练为主,以各种各样的身体练习手段为辅,使各项身体素质得到最佳发展,以为后续训练提供更多的发展空间。     

寄宿制学校中学生心理适应与父母教养方式的相关研究

摘要对229名寄宿制学校中学生的调查显示：（1）寄宿制学校中学生在学习适应和身心症状适应维度上得分较高．存在适应困难,其中高一学生的学习适应困难得分显著高于初一;（2）在父亲教养方式上,男生在过分干涉、拒绝否认、过度保护因子上的得分显著高于女生;在母亲教养方式维度上,男生在拒绝否认因子上的得分显著高于女生;初一学生在父亲情感温暖、理解上的得分显著高于高一学生;母亲文化程度为大学或中专的学生在情感温暖、理解上的得分显著高于文化程度为初中及以下的学生;（3）父母教养方式与其子女的适应策略存在显著相关,分离策略和母亲的惩罚严厉对中学生的学校适应困难有较强的预测作用,可以解释总变异的39％。