主体间性理论视域下高校花样轮滑课考核评价的研究

运用文献资料、教学实验、问卷调查等研究方法,对高校花样轮滑课程中实施主体间性理论指导下的考核评价办法进行研究。教学实验表明,主体间性的考核评价办法注重了评价主体的多元化、评价目标和手段的多样化,使考核评价工作更具有科学性、合理性,对学生的体育学习过程和结果等都产生积极的推动作用。研究结果表明,在高校花样轮滑课中主体间性的考核评价办法优于传统的教师评价办法。     

Age Differences in use of Strategy for Recall of Movement in a Large Scale Environment

Abstract

In order to investigate how children remember distance (route) and location (landmark) information, two experiments were conducted in a large scale environment using jogging as the means of locomotion. In Experiment 1, thirty 4-year-old and thirty 9-year-old children were randomly assigned within age to three groups which were cued prior to the jog to remember the event, location of the event or distance to the event. Results indicated that older children reproduced the location and distance better than younger children. Cueing children to remember the location resulted in more accurate estimates than the other conditions. In Experiment 2, 5-year-old, 9-year-old, and 12-year-old children (24 children of each age) were randomly divided into step counting strategy and control groups, and asked to reproduce a criterion distance jogged. Results indicated that the three strategy groups and the 12-year-old controls estimated distance with similar accuracy, but the 9- and 5-year-old controls were different, as their error was inversely related to age.     

The 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin: The Response of America's Black Press

Abstract

Eighty-seven female masters swimmers ranging in age from 20 to 69 were selected for a detailed study of their body composition and physiological responses at rest and during exercise. These women were then placed into two subsets, a highly trained group and a not highly trained group, on the basis of the frequency, duration, and intensity of swimming workouts. Significant differences were detected when comparing the highly trained and not highly trained subjects on measures of weight, body density, percent fat and lean body weight (p<.05). Significant differences which favored the highly trained group were also seen when comparing these same two groups for [Vdot]_E max, [Vdot]O₂ max (1/min), [Vdot]O₂ max (ml·kg^–1·min^–1), [Vdot]O₂ max (ml·kg·LBW^–1·min^–1), O₂ pulse (ml·kg^–1·beat^–1), and O₂ pulse (ml·kg·LBW^–1). Both the highly trained and not highly trained swimmers were considerably lower in percent fat than previously reported data for normal untrained women of similar ages. In both groups, however, percent fat across age levels within each training group showed significant increases at approximately 40 years of age (p<.05). In the highly trained swimmers, [Vdot]O₂ max (ml·kg^–1·min^–1) decreased at a mean rate of about 7% per decade, while in the not highly trained swimmers the decline was approximately 8% per decade. It appears that the rate of decline in [Vdot]O₂ max in women with aging may be independent of training status.     

Implications of attachment theory for sport and physical activity research: conceptual links with achievement goal and peer-relationship models

This paper attempted to integrate the developmental literature on attachment theory with the achievement goal and peer-relationship literature that has been central to sport and physical activity research in recent decades. Attachment theory, achievement goal models, and sport peer-relationship frameworks are briefly reviewed and the conceptual links between the theories are explored. It is contended that attachment theory offers conceptually useful avenues of research related to the constructs of achievement goals, perceived motivational climate, and experiences of peer relationships in sport-related contexts. A brief discussion regarding potential caveats related to measurement of mental representations of attachment in social and social-cognitive research is also forwarded.     

‘To Canada with Love’: Satchel Paige and Baseball Diplomacy

Satchel Paige's gala baseball performances in Canada had meaning at multiple levels when assessed within the context of US–Canadian relations, individual and national identity, race, the struggle for equality and the place of culture – sport and baseball in particular – in international relations and diplomacy. Paige was one of baseball's foremost globetrotters, and the premier African-American baseball ambassador without portfolio. His pitching talents and economic importance ignited passions across the borders, commencing in the 1920s and continuing over four decades. He rarely travelled less than 40,000 miles a year throughout the USA and to foreign shores wherever duty called, and there was the promise of a good payday. The great fireballer for hire and other star black ballplayers relished playing south of the border because of the freedom from Jim Crow. It is often overlooked that they loved playing north of the border as well, in Canada in particular. That play, as argued here, had symbolic and substantive international significance.     

Sixth-Grade Physical Education: An Acculturation of Bullying and Fear

Purpose: Although bullying is recognized as a serious problem among adolescents, more information is needed regarding bullying within the context of physical education. Grounded in a social-ecological framework, the purpose of this investigation was to discover the perceptions students and teachers have about bullying in physical education and about peer and adult support. Method: Data collection included formal and informal interviews with 24 students and 4 teachers and 20 observations of 6th-grade physical education classes in 1 Midwestern school. Data were analyzed using a constant-comparative process. Results: The results indicate that adults acculturate students to support a bullying climate by providing mixed information regarding social interactions, ignoring nonphysical instances of bullying, and promoting inappropriate curricular selections. Participants also report that perceived differences such as appearance, body size, physical ability, and personal attire ignite most episodes of harassment in physical education. Further, students perceive that fear prevents many from (a) reporting instances of bullying to those in authority, (b) assisting bullied friends, and (c) feeling safe in certain physical education locations. Finally, students and teachers report that bullying impacts students' desire to participate in physical education. Conclusions: Overall, evidence from this investigation suggests that an efficacious support system does not exist for addressing the magnitude of the bullying problem. Although this study provided an initial step toward understanding the social-ecological factors affecting peer harassment in physical education, additional research is warranted.     

心理拓展训练对大学生自我和人际关系的研究

运用心理拓展训练的手段,采用《容纳他人量表》、《田纳西自我概念量表》、《心理健康自评量表》对大学生进行团体心理训练。实验结果表明:心理拓展训练组的自我概念、对自我和他人的接纳及心理健康水平与另外两组相比,呈现积极变化。心理拓展训练组与健美操对照组都能对大学生的心理健康水平起到积极影响。     

公共关系学在商业活动中的实战性

在商业活动中公共关系学有其独特的实战性。从公共关系学把握商业活动中的客户心理、公共关系学中的危机管理与通过公关活动提升企业的形象这三个方面来讨论商业活动中公共关系学的实战性。     

从和谐社会视阈探究非公企业劳动关系建设

和谐社会承载和容纳了人类对美好生活的向往,自古以来都受到重视。21世纪初,中国一提出构建社会主义和谐社会即获得上下普遍认同。劳动关系是最基本、最主要的社会关系,其和谐程度直接决定着社会关系的和谐程度并进而决定社会的稳定。但是,目前我国劳动关系尤其是非公企业劳动关系的现状并不乐观。构建非公企业和谐的劳动关系是一项长期的综合性的社会系统工程,需要政府、社会、企业及劳动者自身等多方面的共同努力。     

基于Pro/E建立零件参数化模型

Pro/E在模具设计得到广泛应用。本文在Pro/E基础上,利用参数化设计原理、建立关系式、程序设计等手段建立零件参数化模型,并将这些模型组成三维参数化零件库。这样的零件库可以根据要求随时更新和添加新模型,具有较好的适应性和扩展性。