《印度之行》20年研究论文统计分析

以中国知网的中国期刊全文数据库、中国博士学位论文全文数据库、中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库为依据,搜索国内20年《印度之行》研究论文,并从年代分布、期刊分布、主题分布等三个方面进行统计分析和归纳总结,力图回顾《印度之行》研究在国内的发展流变及现状,为以后的研究者提供重要的参考信息。     

正确与错误交织并存的矛盾体系--毛泽东晚年对当代社会主义理论的贡献与失误

晚年毛泽东对当代社会主义理论进行了勇敢的探索与研究。既提出了许多正确的、积极的思想观点，也形成了不少错误的认识。诸如在社会主义发展阶段、社会主义基本矛盾、社会主义社会阶级斗争、执政党建设等问题上，往往是正确思想与错误认识交织并存，需用辩证思维的方法进行分析和剥离，以对其中正确和错误的部分作出符合实际的区分和评价。     

五十年来关于《狂人日记》创作方法的论争

建国五十年来对《狂人日记》创作方法研究的观点多有分歧，甚至展开过激烈的论争。其观点主要有现实主义、浪漫主义、现实主义与浪漫主义相结合、“意识流”、象征主义、写实的象征主义等多种。通过不同观点的提出和讨论，人们已在20世纪末逼近了对《狂人日记》的正确理解。本文的总结与评述为本世纪《狂人日记》的研究提供了有益的参考。     

中世纪早期西欧王权对商业活动的保护

中世纪早期的西欧庄园经济基本上是自给自足的自然经济。随着物质基础的发展和生活需求的多样化，商品交换活动日益成为社会生活不可或缺的重要环节。西欧实现商业化的原因是多方面的，本文试图从中世纪早期王权和教会组织对商业活动的保护进行探讨，以求教于史学界。     

建国初期李先念主政湖北期间的经济思想探析

建国初期,从李先念主政湖北期间对经济建设与发展进行理论探索,并初步形成的经济思想体系分析,其主要经济思想为：发展经济,因地制宜不搞一刀切;重视发展农业,处理好湖北“三农”关系;坚持“民生第一”的人本观,做好经济工作;尊重经济发展规律,抓好经济建设等。     

The Impact of Institutional Context,Education and Labour Market Policies on Early School Leaving: a comparative analysis of EU countries

This article presents a comparative analysis of the determinants of early school leaving (ESL) at the country level. We decompose ESL rates into two components: a ‘primary’ rate reflecting unqualified school leaving from initial education, and a second component accounting for early school leavers who participate in training programmes. Both may be influenced by structural and policy determinants. We examine how the ESL rate is affected by macro-economic and social context variables such as GDP/capita, growth, poverty, and youth unemployment, as well as system characteristics of the education system (such as legal school leaving age, grade retention, early tracking, and size of vocational education) and the labour market and social protection systems (minimum wages, unemployment insurance).     

When is a Frog a Book or a Book a Frog?

During early childhood, children adopt a design-based conception of books with increasing consistency. It is not clear if or how young children spontaneously indentify the myriad of commercially produced, book-related props, toys, and other materials as support for their early literacy activities. Guidelines for evaluating these supplementary materials are presented and thirteen books are reviewed and recommended.     

The persistence of preschool effects: Do subsequent classroom experiences matter?

Using rich longitudinal data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten cohort (ECLS-K), we find that children who attended preschool enter public schools with higher levels of academic skills than their peers who experienced other types of child care (effect size of .14). This study considers the circumstances under which the preschool advantage persists, that is, the types of classrooms in which students who did not attend preschool “catch up” to their counterparts who did. Specifically, we focus on two dimensions of the early school environment—class size and the level of academic instruction provided. The findings suggest that most of the preschool-related gap in academic skills at school entry is quickly eliminated for children placed in small classrooms and classrooms providing high levels of reading instruction. Conversely, the initial disparities persist for children experiencing large classes and lower levels of reading instruction. These results point out that the longer-term effects of early childhood experience partly depend on classroom experiences during at least the first years of school.     

Predictors and outcomes of low-income fathers’ reading with their toddlers

Most studies of parent–child bookreading have focused on mothers reading to their children. Though the role of fathers in children's lives is widely emphasized, we know almost nothing about father–child bookreading, particularly among low-income families. The present study was designed to examine how often low-income fathers report reading to their children and what the predictors and effects of paternal bookreading are. The fathers in this study were participants in the national evaluation of Early Head Start (EHS) and were recruited via mothers enrolled in the EHS study. Participating fathers were interviewed at home and their children's cognitive and language development were assessed using standardized measures from ages 2 to 5. Results demonstrated a wide variety in frequency of bookreading among fathers. Fathers were more likely to read to their children frequently if they spoke English at home, if they had a high school education, and if their children had better language skills. Fathers’ bookreading predicted children's cognitive outcome. Paternal bookreading did predict children's language outcomes but only for children whose fathers had at least a high school education.     

Contextual effects on predicting risk for reading difficulties in first and second grade

This study utilized early reading assessment data from a randomized trial of 210 urban and rural schools in Texas to examine contextual effects on risk prediction in first and second grade. The primary objective was to examine the roles of (a) individual differences, (b) the grade 1 classroom, and (c) the pairing of first and second grade teachers in determining grade 2 outcomes in word reading and fluency. A second objective was to investigate whether the administration format of the assessment (paper, paper plus desktop, handheld plus desktop) or the level of teacher support (web mentoring, no mentoring) moderated the prediction. These moderator variables proved not to be significant. Subsequent analyses found that a combination of student pretest and mean of pretest classroom was a better predictor than student pretest alone. Additionally, the effect of student scores varied by teacher-pair. On average, intraclass correlations (ICCs) ranged from 6% to 17%. Differences in ICCs at the classroom level were much greater than at the school level, and differences in urban schools were twice that of rural schools.