中国工读教育研究三十年:回顾与反思

中国工读教育是我国教育、矫治和拯救"问题学生"的一大创举,也被誉为预防青少年违法犯罪的最后一道屏障,对预防青少年违法犯罪有着重要的作用。中国工读教育的发展,离不开理论的引领,特别是改革开放以来,随着中国工读教育理论研究的日益深入,工读教育研究日趋成熟。回顾三十年来中国工读教育的理论研究,工读教育研究取得了一定进展,但也存在一些问题。     

辛亥革命以来太平天国妇女社会生活问题学术研究综述——太平天国妇女问题百年学术研究综述之三

辛亥百年以来,虽然有学者对太平天国妇女社会生活问题有不同的看法,但出于阶级斗争和政治斗争的需要,学界对太平天国严别男女、婚姻家庭、妇女自由、妇女服饰、禁婢女、禁娼妓和禁缠足等社会生活方面的问题都给予了高度的评价,肯定的观点一直占据学界主流地位。20世纪80年代以后,有不少的学者认为其存在其两面性和落后性,甚至否定的观点也越来越多,成为新时期学界不可忽视的一种新的潮流。     

我国近十年高等职业教育专业群研究综述

通过对近十年有关专业群的研究文章的梳理分析,专业群的研究主要集中在专业群概念、专业群的意义、专业群构建的原则和方法以及专业群建设内容等方面,并根据分析指出了研究的不足,为专业群研究的进一步完善提供方向。     

我国基础教育体育课程发展30年回顾

我国基础教育体育课程改革,自＂扬州会议＂后,从课标研制、目标设计、课程实施、成效评价和管理等方面取得了许多成功经验,在当前课改中值得借鉴。20世纪90年代,城市和农村中小学体育课程改革具有中国特色,特别是农村基础教育体育课程改革成功经验,对我们当前体育课程改革具有重要的启示,但也存在着一些反思的问题。通过研究理清问题,找出成因,为当前基础教育体育课程改革提供思考。     

Playful fostering of 6- to 8-year-old students’ inductive reasoning

This paper focuses on a training program in inductive reasoning for first-grade students and presents the direct results as well as the longitudinal effects of the evaluation study. The training is based on Klauer's theory of inductive reasoning and on his “Cognitive training for children” concept (Klauer, 1989a). The training program consists of 120 problems which can be solved through inductive reasoning. The tools for the training exercises were selected to correspond with the age of the targeted cohort. The experimental group in the study consisted of 90 students, whereas the control group was made up of 162. An inductive reasoning test was used in the pre- and posttest as well as in the follow-up study (one year later). The test comprised 33 figural, non-verbal items (Cronbach α = .86). On the posttest, the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group by more than one standard deviation. The experimental group scored significantly higher in each skill area targeted by the training. The most noticeable development was found in system formation. No gender differences were detected on the pre- or the posttest. The effect size of the training program was d = 1.12. In the follow-up study, the experimental group still significantly outperformed the control group; however, their respective levels of development had not changed in this one-year period. Thus, the training effect proved to be stable over time independent of individual students’ original level of inductive reasoning. This study provided evidence that inductive reasoning could be developed very effectively at this early age.     

博士学位论文创新性及相关因素关联分析

通过对某高校博士学位论文进行调查,获得近3年1164份有效创新性评价数据,并以此为基础对博士学位论文的总体创新性和单项创新性进行分析,进而研究论文创新性与相关因素（学科门类、在读年限）间的关系,以期为改进博士生培养、提高博士学位论文创新性及博士生教育质量提供参考。     

Evaluating construct validity and internal consistency of early childhood individualized family service plans

This study presents evidence regarding the construct validity and internal consistency of the IFSP Rating Scale (McWilliam & Jung, 2001), which was designed to rate individualized family service plans (IFSPs) on 12 indicators of family centered practice. Here, the Rasch measurement model is employed to investigate the scale's functioning and fit for both person and item diagnostics of 120 IFSPs that were previously analyzed with a classical test theory approach. Analyses demonstrated scores on the IFSP Rating Scale fit the model well, though additional items could improve the scale's reliability. Implications for applying the Rasch model to improve special education research and practice are discussed.     

Professionalisation policies in the ECEC field: trends and tensions in the Italian context

In recent times, a growing consensus has emerged, among researchers and policy-makers, that a well-educated, competent and adequately supported workforce is crucial for the quality of early childhood education and care (ECEC). Despite governmental initiatives aimed to enhance the professional preparation and continuing development of early years practitioners being high on the political agenda of many EU member states, very few studies are analysing professionalisation policy developments and their implications within the national contexts of ECEC. Against this background, the article describes the key features of ECEC policies in Italy and their current trends by focussing specifically on the professionalisation of early childhood practitioners working across 0–3 and 3–6 services. Drawing on the data collected from documentary sources and interviews with key informants, this paper will critically review policy discourses as well as recurring themes and tensions arising from the academic and political debate. The findings from our analysis highlight that the increasing discontinuity characterising professionalisation initiatives across the 0–3 and 3–6 sector might lead to widening the gap among professionals working in such services. The risks that are associated with this trend are, on the one side, to devalue the educational role of 0–3 services and, on the other, to produce the schoolification of educational practices in 3–6 services. In addition, our analysis identified inconsistencies between initial and continuing professional development policies, which are progressively creating a dichotomy between initial and in-service training. The consequences of this process might produce, on the long term, the fragmentation of the ECEC system across public and private not-for-profit provision with the subsequent risk of impoverishing the local culture of childhood on which the Italian ECEC system has traditionally built its strength.     

Supporting English second-language learners in disadvantaged contexts: learning approaches that promote success in mathematics

In the Australian context, children living in disadvantaged circumstances, whose second language is English, are one of the groups at risk of failing in mathematics. This paper explores the impact purposely developed learning activities (Representations, Oral Language and Engagement in Mathematics Learning activities) have on pupils' mathematics outcomes in the first three years of formal schooling (Foundation, Year 1 and Year 2). The participating group (n = 461) comprised 328 English language learners and 133 mainstream pupils. To ascertain the impact of the learning experience, pre- and post-tests were conducted at the commencement and completion of each school year. The results indicate that all of the children significantly improved, with English as a second language pupils showing the greatest gains, and achieving norm-referenced expectations for their age.     

Improving numeracy outcomes for children through community action research

Virtue, according to Aristotle, is doing the right things at the right time with the right people for the right end and in the right way. This concept is central to the work of the Early Learning Initiative, an Irish community-based educational initiative. This paper describes how a community of parents, early childhood care and education practitioners and a third-level institution used action research to develop a three-year numeracy programme for children aged zero to six years. The Early Numeracy Project was one of 11 national projects that aimed to influence early years practice, provision and policy in Ireland. Remaining true to our local values and virtuous practice while implementing a national project was challenging, particularly when robust evidence of the impact of the programme on the children and parents in our community was required at national level. Approximately 860 children (zero to six years old) and their families took part in the Early Numeracy Programme each year, with national and local evaluations indicating that the outcomes for children in the programme had improved. The programme is an example of how a local community can use action research and virtuous practices to implement a national programme and improve outcomes for children.