自闭症诊断与干预研究综述

本文概述了当前国内外有关自闭症和“自闭类”障碍的定义与诊断、病因和干预方案的研究,并简要分析了未来研究的重点和方向。     

Research on interventions for children and young people on the autistic spectrum: a critical perspective

Developing, implementing and evaluating programmes of intervention for children and young people on the autistic spectrum are challenging endeavours. In this paper, we adopt a critical approach to research in this area, and attempt to offer an alternative perspective for understanding and interpreting empirical evaluations. We outline and discuss theoretical, methodological and practical issues and limitations associated with the current research body, and provide illustrative examples of gaps in the current literature.     

Educational transition outcomes of children and adolescents with clinically relevant emotional or behavioural disorders: results of a systematic review

Educational transitions are associated with significant changes. If students cannot overcome these challenges, their well‐being and motivation may be impaired. Students with clinically relevant emotional or behavioural disorders (EBDs) are at risk for negative transitional experiences. We conducted a systematic review summarising transitional outcomes of students with EBDs. After an electronic search in eight scientific databases, 4,930 publications were screened against six inclusion criteria. Two coders assessed the eligibility of 181 full‐texts. We included k = 22 studies published in English or German (1988–2017). Students with autism (k = 15) and transitions out of school (k = 13) were examined most frequently. Well‐being, achievements, social participation, support and expectations were observed. Poor well‐being and social difficulties were prevalent, but often adjusted over time. The results are limited by the inclusion criteria and search procedures. Nevertheless, the review closes a research gap and has implications for the implementation of interventions and a supportive transition environment for students with clinically relevant EBDs. Further research on individual changes and supportive approaches during transitions is needed.     

中药愈白汤治疗外阴上皮内非瘤样病变的研究

目的：研究治疗外阴上皮内非瘤样病变的新方法。方法：将93例该病患者随机分为实验组和对照组，实验组病人68例采用自制中药方剂愈白汤水煎坐浴，每日三次，每次30min，三个月为一疗程。对照组25例采用肤轻松软膏及丙酸睾丸素外涂。结果：实验组病人68例，治愈52例，治愈率76．47％；有效10例，有效率14．71％；总有效率91．18％。对照组病人25例，治愈1例，治愈率4％；有效10例，有效率40％；总有效率44％。结论：愈白汤治疗外阴上皮内非瘤样病变效果显著，且无毒副作用，可推广使用。     

她为什么放弃了小文——一个多动症儿童家庭教育的研究

本研究选择一个多动症儿童的家庭作为研究对象 ,主要通过现场观察和非正式交谈的研究方法收集个案资料 ,描述多动症儿童的行为障碍对父母生活质量的影响、对家庭亲子关系和谐发展的影响 ,以及在这种影响下父母产生的心理反应。本文认为 ,为了帮助行为障碍儿童 ,教育工作者必须关注两个方面 :其一 ,针对行为障碍儿童的具体情况为其制订个别教育计划 ;其二 ,关注行为障碍儿童父母的心理状态和特殊需要 ,开展对父母的教育。     

社会转型期大学生心理疾患产生的原因及对策

随着我国经济体制的转型,高等教育体制改革的不断深入,社会主义现代化程度的不断提高,社会竞争和压力也在不断增大,这使大学生面临着各种各样的心理问题,产生了各种各样的心理疾患。本文以我国社会转型期为背景来分析这一现象产生的主要原因,并在此基础上进一步探讨如何进行有效的调适和干预。     

Teachers’ mental health and teaching levels

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and to identify the occupational risk factors of both psychiatric disorders and psychological distress for public school teachers in France depending on their teaching level. A survey was carried out on teachers aged 20–60 (N=3586). Some teaching levels, depending on the teacher's gender, were found to be at a higher risk of mental health problems. The main occupational risk factors identified were lack of support from colleagues, and to a lesser extent, depending on the mental health problem, the fear of physical or verbal abuse and the reasons the teaching profession was chosen.     

应用生物反馈技术的焦虑症图书馆阅读疗法研究

[目的/意义]阅读疗法是通过针对性文献的学习、讨论和领悟，养护与恢复身心健康的一种方法。现今，中国焦虑人群的增多、阅读推广的提倡，使焦虑症治疗、情绪自动干预、趣味性提升成为图书馆阅读疗法的重要需求。探索以生物反馈训练焦虑者的正确情绪，提升疗法趣味性与疗效。[方法/过程]在江苏大学图书馆开展焦虑症阅读疗法，建立书方标签画像，结合生物反馈技术自动干预、训练焦虑者阅读时的情绪反应。[结果/结论]SAS焦虑量表的前后测数据的统计对比表明，实验组疗效显著，且因子项的三大种类存在疗效的差异。推广应用分析显示，图书馆开展此类疗法具有可行性。     

Communication Privacy Management: A Thematic Analysis of Revealing and Concealing Eating Disorders in an Online Community

This study analyzed the discourse of a pro-anorexia website, prettythin.com. Narratives and posts were thematically analyzed using communication privacy management as a framework to understand the tension between revealing and concealing an eating disorder. Two themes were constructed during data analysis: (a) personal ownership and control, with the subtheme strategies for maintaining control and (b) communication choices surrounding disclosure and two subthemes, (i) seeking to fulfill needs face-to-face and (ii) positive fulfillment of needs online. Theoretical and practical contributions are addressed in terms of how communication theory can help understand people living with eating disorders. Specifically, how these individuals manage their personal information online and face-to-face and how prettythin.com provides support to men and women with eating disorders.     

中职电类实习教学中学生心理失调的成因及控制

中职学校电类实习教学中,学生常会出现心理失调,其原因主要有操作情境性恐惧,实习过程中生理与心理上的疲劳,实习训练的单调以及随时可能发生的应激事件等。控制和避免心理失调,应让学生明确实习目的,灵活安排实习内容,引导学生进入角色以适应场地环境,运用情感性话语鼓励学生,用暗示、说明、劝告的方式处理实习中的问题,对于危险性的实习操作提前进行模拟训练等。