国家安全之外的《国防教育法》——20世纪中期美国教育改革起源的再审视

1958年颁布的《国防教育法》对认识二战后美国的教育变革有重要意义。但长期以来研究者都视其为对"苏联卫星事件"的回应,是冷战时期国防政策的重要内容。笔者通过对文献的重新发掘与分析,指出两者之间不存在必然联系,这场教育改革不是"刺激-反应"模式的产物;此外,该法案立法过程中的焦点问题是对联邦政府干预教育权限的再讨论;法案通过后,在宣誓政治忠诚和学术自由问题上也受到广泛批评。国家安全不能概括法案的全部,至于联邦政府如何干预教育,以法案为代表的每一次讨论本身就是答案。     

基于OBE理念,构建通识教育课程教学与评估体系——以清华大学为例

国内高校积极探索实现通识教育的路径已有多年,但其效果在一定程度上仍然受到质疑。课程是实现通识教育的主要载体,清华大学在探索构建通识教育课程体系过程中,尝试性地采用了工科教育中广泛使用的成效基准教育理念与能力导向课程设计来分析当前我国大学通识教育的课程建设,指出通识教育众课程与通识教育目标之间欠缺逻辑对应的普遍性问题。本文重点介绍了清华大学通识教育课程建设中的困惑和设想,探讨了如何锚定与对应课程与能力目标之间的逻辑关系。本文建议高校在通识教育初建阶段将引入OBE框架以及能力导向课程设计理念可作为一种选择,此举有助于厘清大学通识教育在本科教育中的定位与通识课程之间的逻辑和结构关系。     

从应用理科到“新工科”

当前高等教育"新工科"建设的讨论中,从"应用理科"延伸出"新工科"被认为是一种可行的方案。本文分析了"理科"和"工科"的关系和区别,并从此角度探讨了由上述方案可能引出的问题及其解决途径。文章指出,从"应用理科"衍生出来的"新工科"在教育教学上必须增加新的工科要素或"基因";其中特别强调了由"创造人所需的有用物"的"工程"定义及其"多源"的综合性质所引发的"设计"与"融合"在教学上的重要性。笔者阐述了北大早年尝试建设新工科的经验教训并对此加以了说明。结合新经济所要求的"四新",文章分析了"融合"在"新产业"中的作用,据此提出了在建设新工科的课程体系中贯彻"融合"的一些原则建议。同时,文章还阐述了实践对新工科教育的重要性,并就"学产研"结合之途做了多方探讨。     

美国高校教育专业图书馆的发展研究

美国教育专业图书馆专门为教师培养提供与课程、教学、政策、技术相关的参考资料和场地,其发展历史是与美国教育史和教育思想发展史紧密地联系在一起的。文章考察了美国教育专业图书馆与美国教育史和教育思想史的互动发展历程,深入分析了教育专业图书馆的阶段性发展特点,为我国深化教育专业图书馆领域的教育配套改革,助力师资队伍建设,提供了有益借鉴。     

Information-seeking behavior of economics graduate students: If you buy it,will they come?

The information-seeking behavior of social science graduate students has been the subject of many studies, but none have concentrated only on the economics graduate student population and their unique needs. The purpose of this focus group study was to use group discussions to understand the actual online behavior of graduate economics students when conducting research. The results provide insight and information about the skills and characteristics of economics graduate students, their first steps in conducting research online, their use of publicly available and library resources, challenges to finding information, and resources used to overcome these challenges.     

An impulse to exploit: the behavioral turn in data-driven marketing

Industry advocates argue that by tailoring services and commercial solicitations to match media users’ personal interests, data-driven marketing benefits both consumers and businesses. This article shows, however, that advertisers and marketers who are taking up ideas and techniques from behavioral economics tell their clients a very different story about the aims and use of digital marketing and consumer surveillance. Listening in on this discourse demonstrates that some digital marketers conceptualize their own practices as forms of social control, appropriating concepts from behavioral economics to identify consumers’ cognitive and affective biases and target their vulnerabilities. Behavioral economics recognizes that economic decisions are not simply dictated by rational self-interest; rather, such choices depend on cognitive heuristics and habits, and can be manipulated through the design of “choice architecture.” This article discusses implications of the behavioral turn in data-driven marketing for critical advertising scholars, public advocates, and regulators.     

Fake news,fake truth: A new purpose for public schooling

The world is adversely affected by the plethora of easily available fake and misleading information. Public schools are established to help generate responsible citizens.Public schools may have a role to play in addressing the fake news, fake truth problem.     

Disaster philanthropy: Exploring the power and influence of for-profit philanthropy in education development during pandemic times

This article contributes a conceptual analysis of the power and influence of for- profit philanthropy on educational development during pandemic times. Through highlighting for-profit philanthropy, describing its relevance to educational development, and drawing attention to four aspects that are under-examined as for- profit philanthropists enact their philanthropic agendas in response to the COVID- 19 pandemic, disaster philanthropy is presented as a window of opportunity for elite donors to enact changes in public education based on their distinct donor and institutional agendas. Implications for educational development are discussed including shifts in power, definitions and public vs. private returns.     

Ethics and economics: A comment on Narvaez‘s “Revitalizing human virtue by restoring organic morality”

This paper comments on Darcia Narvaez's Kohlberg Memorial Lecture, published in this issue, with respect to her contrasting ethics and economics, or morality and market. My basic claim is that ethics and economics, properly understood, are just two sides of the same coin. One main point is that all morality solves cooperation problems and includes positive and negative sanctions to uphold it. The second claim is that competition in market economies is, in principle, ethically justified, and where it creates a problem, it is not just an ethical problem, but by the same token an economic one with which economists are concerned.     

School context and instructional capacity: A comparative study of professional learning communities in rural and urban schools in China

This study examines the teaching gap between rural and urban schools in China from the perspective of teacher professional learning communities (PLCs). Drawing on in-depth interviews with 36 primary school teachers, the study finds striking disparities between rural and urban schools in the working of Teaching and Research Groups (TRGs). These disparities in TRGs result in divergent patterns of instructional capacity building in rural and urban schools. The evidence shows that teaching and teachers are strongly shaped by the school organizational context. It suggests that strengthening school-wide PLCs is an important way of narrowing the rural-urban teaching and learning gaps.