Language education needs for multilingualism in Fiji primary schools

This paper looks at current practice in teaching multilingual Indo-Fijian children in eight Fiji primary schools. Indo-Fijians speak Fiji Hindi (FH) as their mother tongue, learn Shudh Hindi (SH) or Urdu, and English for formal and literacy purposes and use English and Fijian for interethnic communication. The current education policy states that children be taught in their mother tongue for the first 3 years of primary school before English becomes the medium of instruction. This practice was not apparent in the schools. In all 24 observed classrooms, English was the dominant language of instruction. There is an important need in Fiji for teacher training to address the issues around multilingual education so that teachers can confidently contribute to an educational system which maximises the use of Fiji's linguistic resources for the educational advancement of all sectors of the country's population.     

From Tradition to Diversity： Educational Transition of American Higher Education

The United States is extremely diverse include whites, blacks, Native Americans, Alaskans, in the racial and ethnic backgrounds of its citizens, which Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. Such a diverse combination of different racial populations makes the characteristics of accessibility and diversity in American higher education important. The necessity of educating such a vast and diverse population in a climate of competing social demands on limited public resources presents the United States with serious challenges. This paper discusses and analyzes educational transition, innovation and future development in American Higher Education.     

校本管理下的学校教育技术资源管理

根据相关的访谈调查,笔者对当前学校教育技术资源管理存在的问题进行了分析。指出将校本管理思想引入学校教育技术资源管理是解决当前资源管理存在问题、提高资源利用效率的有效途径。     

Agonistic democracy and passionate professional development in teacher-leaders

Politicians and policy-makers in education routinely proclaim the centrality of schools and teachers in sustaining and consolidating democracy and democratic society. This article offers an account of teachers engaged in research in their schools and classrooms, with peers and students, so as to highlight the democratic potential of this engagement. In order to do so, it draws on an agonistic account of democracy that is distinct from more familiar liberal or procedural versions. Such an account is characterised by an emphasis on the values of constitutive pluralism, robust contestation and enduring tragedy, where the latter entails recognition of the ineliminable nature of (political) conflict and the inevitability of loss in human life. The teachers involved in this research demonstrated capacities which, it is argued, reflect an agonistic democratic ethos, including: developing the confidence to assume intellectual leadership by asking questions and eliciting and engaging plural perspectives in relation to these questions; engagement in the cut and thrust of research without the expectation of finding any final or perfect solutions; and an acceptance of difference and disagreement as constitutive and constructive elements in rethinking areas of policy and practice. Developing and encouraging these capacities, it is argued, is important in an increasingly authoritarian policy context that threatens the vital links between democracy and education highlighted by Dewey a century ago.     

再论教育创新与教师素质

教育创新是教育改革与发展的战略选择，是马克思主义教育思想在中国的新发展，它是时代赋予教育事业新的历史使命。作为教育创新主体的教师，要从贯彻落实“三个代表”要求的高度，提高自身素质，增强推进教育创新的自觉性和坚定性。     

The promises and limitations of international comparative research on teacher education

This article revisits methodological perspectives on international comparative research on teacher education (TE). Benefits and problems related to comparative educational research methodology in general are discussed. Further, methodological issues associated with designing and carrying out an international comparative study on TE are addressed using a multi-level study on teacher education in Finland and Norway an as example. Towards the end of the article, the promises and limitations of international comparative research on TE are presented. Important benefits of comparative education on TE include widening the understanding of one’s own and other TE systems as well as gaining an understanding of international trends. However, uncritical use of such research may lead to decontextualised, ahistorical and standardised transfer and development of education and educational policies. The article concludes by urging researchers in the field of international comparative research on teacher education to address the questions: What is being compared? How is context addressed?     

从认知图式谈修辞与翻译：兼评《科技英语修辞》和《英汉功能翻译》

认知是认识和理解对象，图式是认知方面的一种方式或途径，是达到目的一种手段。科技英语修辞和功能翻译均为达到不同语言互相交流的主要手段。从科技英语修辞和功能翻译所涉及的主要方面来看，从认知图式来理解翻译与修辞十分重要。     

课堂教学中应用现代教育技术的问题与对策研究

在近年来的教学实践中,对现代教育技术于课堂教学中的应用在认识和应用上还存在这样或那样的问题。针对这些问题,可从管理、软件制作和课堂教学等方面寻找对策,加以解决,以实现课堂教学的最优化。     

基于多Agent的智能网络教学系统模型研究

随着网络技术的日臻成熟、Internet的迅速延伸及校园网络的普遍建立,网络教育得到了越来越广泛的应用。但目前的网络教学系统普遍存在智能性差、交互手段匮乏、知识结构松散、资源共享度不高等一系列弊端。本文以多Agent技术为基础,提出了一个新的基于多Agent的智能网络教学系统模型,并讨论了系统中各部分的主要功能及实现本系统的部分关键技术。     

Teaching and learning in microsystems engineering

Whereas research in MicroSystems Technology (MST) has grown rapidly over the last twenty years, the education of engineers at postgraduate level is still in its infancy. The number of dedicated MST research institutions, companies and university laboratories worldwide has grown at a dramatic rate and all require trained individuals who can be immediately operational in the workplace. With the possible exceptions of Germany and Switzerland, the authors of this article believe that the training requirements for such scientists, engineers and technicians have not been satisfactorily addressed as yet. Realising the need for adequate training in MST, the British funding agency for research in science and engineering, the EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) awarded a substantial grant to Heriot-Watt University in order to set up a Masters Training Package (MTP). The context of this grant, the syllabus developed for this Master of Science as well as its implementation are presented in this article. Advantages and drawbacks of block-based delivery of the course are presented from a pedagogical point of view for the different categories of students (full-time students, part-time students and company delegates).