全球化时代科技安全和我国面临的挑战

全球化在推动国家安全内涵拓展的同时,亦催生了科技安全的兴起,并且在国家安全的构成中科技安全的作用呈现出越来越突出的趋势。国家科技安全即国家安全的科技化,包含了以科技系统为目的和以科技为手段的综合安全态势。在全球化背景下,我国科技安全面临着一系列重大的挑战,因此必须从战略高度思考积极的应对之策,强化我国的科技安全,为我国国家安全提供稳固的支撑和有效的保障。     

The expanding role of university patenting in the life sciences: assessing the importance of experience and connectivity

We extend debates about the sources of university capabilities at research commercialization. Drawing upon quantitative data for a panel of 89 research-intensive US universities and interview data from two academic licensing offices, we model the relationship between technology transfer experience, embeddedness in biotechnology industry networks, basic science quality and capacity, and citation impact measures of university life science patents. Technology licensing officers draw upon the expertise of corporate partners to evaluate the potential impact of invention disclosures. The information gleaned through network ties to industry enables well-connected institutions to develop higher impact patent portfolios. Reaping the benefits of such connections, however, requires experience in balancing academic and corporate priorities to avoid the danger of ‘capture’ by industrial interests as overly tight connections limit patent impact. This pattern of diminishing returns to connectivity is robust across multiple citation measures of patent quality.     

Conceptualising the heterogeneity of research-based spin-offs: A multi-dimensional taxonomy

Research-based spin-offs (RBSOs) have become an important aspect of the technology transfer process. Emanating from what is conventionally a non-commercial environment, RBSOs pose major challenges if they are to realise their potential to meet the objectives of their founders and the parent research organisations (PROs) from which they emerge. An important issue is to understand the heterogeneity of RBSOs. This paper reviews the literature on RBSO typologies to develop a taxonomy of RBSOs. We identify common themes in relation to these typologies in relation to (1) spin-off creation and (2) spin-off development. The dimensions that differentiate between firms are the type of resources, the business model and the institutional link. We identify gaps in current typologies in order to propose avenues for future conceptual and empirical research.     

2011—2015年中国科协科技期刊网站建设进展

【目的】全面系统地调查中国科协所属1081种科技期刊2011—2015年的网站建设情况,以了解中国科协所属期刊网站建设的最新进展。【方法】 2015年5月至6月对中国科协所属1081种期刊的刊名进行全面搜索,调查这些期刊的网站建设数量和上网形式、网站功能与技术服务情况,并与2011年的相关调查结果进行比较分析。【结果】 2015年,中国科协1081种科技期刊中有915种建设了网站,占84.6%,所占比例比2011年增加了14.9个百分点。基于915种期刊网站的统计表明,有590种（占64.5%）发布论文的全文,所占比例比2011年增加了19.6个百分点;在网站上实现在线预出版的中国科协科技期刊有111种（占12.1%）,所占比例比2011年增加了4.3个百分点;有78.8%以上的期刊网站上具有一种以上的稿件在线处理功能,比2011年增加了14.9个百分点。【结论】 2011—2015年的5年间,中国科协科技期刊网站在数量增加的同时总体质量也有所提升。     

Software vulnerability due to practical drift

The proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) into all aspects of life poses unique ethical challenges as our modern societies become increasingly dependent on the flawless operation of these technologies. As we increasingly entrust our privacy, our well-being and our lives to an ever greater number of computers we need to look more closely at the risks and ethical implications of these developments. By emphasising the vulnerability of software and the practice of professional software developers, we want to make clear the ethical aspects of producing potentially flawed software. This paper outlines some of the vulnerabilities associated with software systems and identifies a number of social and organisational factors affecting software developers and contributing to these vulnerabilities. Scott A. Snook’s theory of practical drift is used as the basis for our analysis. We show that this theory, originally developed to explain the failure of a military organisation, can be used to understand how professional software developers “drift away” from procedures and processes designed to ensure quality and prevent software vulnerability. Based on interviews with software developers in two Norwegian companies we identify two areas where social factors compel software developers to drift away from a global set of rules constituting software development processes and methods. Issues of pleasure and control and difference in mental models contribute to an uncoupling from established practices designed to guarantee the reliability of software and thus diminish its vulnerability.     

网络信息环境(市场)培育

本文以文化信息资源共享工程为例，从管理、服务人手，引进“文化营销”理念及促进网络信息环境的(市场)可持续发展．     

信息技术引发的管理变革

由于信息技术的发展，尤其是计算机能力的不断提高和因特网的兴起，一方面使经济运行中的一些传统理念受到了一定程度的冲击，另一方面所带来的社会经济的变化必然会引发企业管理的改革，企业管理变革所产生的结果是经济增长方式变革以及在新经济中竞争能力的提高。当然，信息技术发展和广泛应用给企业带来的影响是长远的、持久的和深刻的，关于信息技术引发的企业管理变革的研究也是一个持续不断的过程。但是，信息技术和管理科学的结合将是未来企业经营管理过程中的一个必然趋势。本文对信息技术的应用条件下组织结构、过程、供应链的变化进行了探讨，提出了最具柔性的网络组织体系。在过程改造研究中，提出了顾客导向和价值链的分析思维。在供应链分析中，明确提出了在供应链管理中信息流的管理是其管理的核心。从而为企业在信息技术条件下经营企业提供了一定的思路和方法。     

Cross-Sectoral Differences in Intellectual Property Enforcement in Developing Countries: The Role of State-Industry Linkages

Leading developing countries have recently introduced some reforms in their national intellectual property regimes to harmonize them with international treaties and agreements. However, major differences remain in how these laws are applied to different information industries, and how they are enforced on the ground. While intellectual property law applies to a host of information products ranging from music to computer programs, governments have selectively enforced the law in some information industries, while neglecting to extend the same protection to others. Based on the comparative institutionalist approach, this article identifies two variables--state-industry linkages and level of innovative activity--that may explain the selective enforcement of intellectual property law. Intellectual property rights were expected to be better protected in information industries with strong state-industry linkages and higher levels of domestic innovation. This expectation was tested through a comparative study of four intellectual property industries from the Asian region. The results confirmed the expectation, but also demonstrated that strong state-industry linkages may independently correlate with high levels of intellectual property protection, even in industries where the current levels of innovative activity are low.     

分布式测试系统的网络化应用

分布式测试系统是基干网络技术的远程测试系统，信息技术的发展为其应用推广提供了强大的支持和广阔的空间。本文拟通过对分布式测控系统主要模块的介绍，探讨一种组成分布式测控系统的方法及途径，为分布式测控系统广泛应用打下基础。     

制度比较视角下研究型大学技术转移的优化设计

从制度视角探讨西方发达国家以及我国研究型大学技术转移的相关政策和制度设计,重点分析我国在政府引导机制、转化模式以及实践经验方面与发达国家的差异,指出目前我国研究型大学技术转移率低、转化规模小的问题,并就其原因进行分析,为优化我国研究型大学技术转移模式及支撑体系提出可供参考的对策建议。