学习型组织理论与学习型图书馆

学习型组织理论被认为是21世纪管理趋势的新型组织管理理论,将其应用于图书馆管理实践.构建学习型图书馆.适应知识经济时代对图书馆的要求,提高图书馆的效能.     

Contradictions of time in collaborative school research

The sustainability of research-based innovations in schools is constrained not only by systemic institutional barriers and inherent contradictions between schooling and research, but also by the related issue of time. This case study suggests that relative timescales, e.g., the collective activity of schooling over decades versus the individual actions of researchers over semesters or years, hinder the coordination and synchronization of schooling and research processes. Using cultural–historical activity theory and heterochrony, this analysis of data from a 4-year collaborative school-university research and development project suggests that, in spite of active support from school personnel, temporal conflicts undermined research activity and the sustainability of the innovation. At the same time, when researchers aligned their actions with the actions and timescales of school personnel, core elements of the innovation were appropriated into school practice.

学习邓小平理论的关键在于换脑筋

学习邓小平理论是有中国特色社会主义对全党提出的迫切要求。检验学习邓小平理论效果的标尺应当是看是否换脑筋以及换筋的程度。当前换脑筋的重点是加快四个转变：思维方式要从单向型向综合型转变,行为方式要从计划型向市场型转变,领导方式要从官吏型向公仆型转变,管理方式要从人治型向法治型转变。换脑筋是一场十分艰辛和痛苦的思想革命,转换的过程是理论和实际相结合的过程。     

Common legacy,different paths: the transformation of educational systems in the Czech Republic,Slovakia, Hungary and Poland

The goal of this work is to better understand the institutional changes in the educational systems of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. We demonstrate that the educational reforms implemented during the transformation introduced very different institutional arrangements in the four countries, despite the fact that their systems shared many common characteristics at the beginning of the 1990s. Differences between the national approaches to educational reforms are particularly reflected in the modes of education decentralisation, the level of school autonomy, accountability and funding mechanisms. We believe that different institutional arrangements may have contributed to the divergent achievements of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland in the PISA programme.     

论教育考试公正的内涵与实质

教育考试公正是教育考试的生命线,也是社会公正的重要体现。本文在讨论公正的一般内涵和实质基础上,着重研究教育考试公正的理论内涵和社会实质。文章认为,教育考试公正就是组考者通过考试使可能的应试者得其所应得,或者说使可能的应试者各得其所,其社会实质在于:它是教育公正的基本前提,是社会公正的重要体现,是社会资源合理分配的基础方式,是个人潜能合理开发的保证机制。文章提出,不能仅仅从教育考试本身来认识教育考试公正的必要性和重要性,而要从整个社会的宏观视野、站在人类更好地生存和发展的高度来认识教育考试公正问题。     

教育信息化建设规划主要原则的探讨

教育信息化日益成为教育、教学、管理水平和能力的标志,是提高教学、管理水平和能力的重要手段,也深刻地改变着教育的管理模式和管理理念,为教育现代化提供了必不可少的保障。如何在教育信息化建设过程中坚持科学发展观,把握信息化的规划原则,是信息化建设工作必须解决的问题,本文为此作出了探讨。     

Education on population matters in Europe: results from a comparative survey among students in five European countries

In 1996–1997, within the framework of the European Observatory for Population Education and Information, a comparative survey was conducted among students in final classes of secondary education in several European countries. On the one hand, the survey attempted to assess the effects of education on population in terms of knowledge acquired; the issues addressed in the questionnaire pertained to knowledge of demographic facts and trends (such as the ageing of Western societies and immigration). On the other hand it tried to ascertain students' opinions on demographic trends. What are young people's views on intergenerational solidarity, how tolerant are they towards immigrants, what are their views on recent changes in family structures? This knowledge is important since it is young people's attitudes and future behaviour that will help to shape both the social tissue and the economic prosperity of the European and world population. In this article we present a comparative analysis of survey results obtained in five European countries. We examined the question whether knowledge acquired in the course of scolarisation influences opinions. The results evidence a significant relationship between knowledge of the migrants' issue and attitudes of tolerance towards migrants. By means of multivariate analyses, the impact of factors such as social origin, study orientation and gender on both students' knowledge and attitudes, are investigated. We conclude that adequate educational training on population issues can have a significant positive impact on attitudes of tolerance.     

浅析校园文化对人才培养的作用

章通过对校园化的分析和研究，阐述了校园化对人才培养的重要作用，主要认为：校园化是学生从“大中学生”到“小大学生”过度的桥梁；校园化是联结个人与集体，学校与的纽带；校园化是青年学生走向成熟的重要途径，等等。     

Educational Research for Policy and Practice in Japan – With Particular Reference to Youth Education

Based upon the Fundamental Law of Education, Japanese school education system has long been a source of pride for the country as a result of the high school participation rate, the homogeneity of compulsory education throughout the country. However, the confidence of the people in its schools is now showing severe signs of strain and fatigue. In recent years, there have been many reports about the growing seriousness of a number of educational problems having to do with young people in their childhood and adolescence. Since the mid-1970s, a number of problems have been highlighted. They include violent behavior, juvenile crimes, bullying, refusal to attend school, dropping out at secondary level of education, and corporal punishment. Against the above background, based on recommendations from such advisory bodies as the Central Council for Education and the National Commission on Education Reform, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has adopted a range of policies and launched a series of educational reform programmes. For instance, what is called “Rainbow Plan”, based on the final report submitted by the National Commission on Education Reform, provides the country with basic guidelines for the educational reform in the near future. Roles of educational research for making policies have been of significance. Research initiated by the National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) and the National Federation of Educational Policy Research Institutes (NFERI) is an example of contributions to the development of educational qualities in the country. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

艺术起源学说辨析

考察现今众多的艺术起源学说,虽然各自都有其自圆其说的理论依据,但却都经不起 其他理论的反证,这说明了艺术的起源是多种因素共同作用的结果。由于人不仅具有社会属性,而 且首先具有自然属性,因此研究艺术的起源需从这两方面综合进行。而现有的艺术起源学说都试 图从某一个侧面来对艺术起源问题进行阐释,这势必会将问题简单化。