体育人类学的缘起及其发展

对体育人类学的缘起和发展分三个部分进行阐述:一是19世纪左右至20世纪30年代以前该学科从文化人类学里面派生出来的情况;二是30年代以后,学者之间开展共同研究的情况;三是近二十年来在欧美和日本的发展情况.在此基础上围绕研究对象、方法和内容等方面,以学科理论体系的构筑这条主线展开分析论证.     

“理论实践一体化”教学理念探究

理论实践一体化教学是教育部对职业教育提出的指导性要求,也是高职教学改革的重要手段之一。本文将理实一体化教学上升为一种全新的教学理念,展开了多方面的探究,有别于传统意义的理实一体教学模式。     

Differences in teachers' perceptions of personal control of positive versus negative student learning outcomes

Past research on teachers' causal attributions has shown there to be little relation between perceptions of responsibility for positive versus negative student learning outcomes. In this study, Weiner's model for causal attributions was employed to explore these perceived attributional differences. Data were gathered from 184 teachers from two metropolitan school districts. Statistically significant differences between attributions for positive versus negative outcomes were identified along the dimensions of both internality/externality and stability of cause. Relations to overall efficacy, teaching experience, grade level taught, and teacher gender were also explored; however, only grade level differences were found to be statistically significant.     

A four-test short form of the WISC-R

A four-test short form of the WISC-R was developed on the basis of both rational and statistical criteria, using data from the representative standardization sample. The short-form comprised Arithmetic and Vocabulary from the Verbal Scale along with Picture Arrangement and Block Design from the Performance Scale. Various psychometric properties of the abbreviated battery were defined, and indicators of the short form's accuracy in predicting Full-Scale IQ (the standard error of estimate, effectiveness in classifying a child's intelligence level) were provided. A major topic of discussion was the use and abuse of short forms.     

Bias in content validity on the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts for White and Mexican-American children

Item bias on Forms A and B of the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts was examined for a sample of White and Mexican-American kindergarten children. The method employed to detect biased items, as defined by an items-by-group interaction, was a two-way analysis of variance with followup being conducted with a Bonferroni-type procedure. Bias-in-item difficulty occurred for both groups, which does not conform to the current popular press view that bias is against ethnic minorities and not against the White majority. The finding that on some items the Mexican-American group out-performed the White group indicates the need to examine carefully the question of bias and to reconsider popular conceptualizations of the many issues of bias in educational and psychological testing.     

少数民族传统体育文化变迁的文化人类学思考——以黔南地区为个案

文章从文化人类学视角分析了少数民族传统体育的文化价值和生存困境,并利用文化变迁理论重点研究了黔南地区少数民族传统体育的变迁方式。从中得知,在本民族文化不断被汉族和西方文化所＂涵化＂的背景下,少数民族传统体育文化要通过＂二次创新＂和＂传播＂机制才能得到更好的传承。同时,那些不适应当今社会的传统体育也不可避免地要遭遇＂文化遗失＂,逐渐消亡。     

译者的“深描”

在文化阐释中,作为阐释者的民族志调查者怎样去排除无意义的表象,寻找真正的意义关联,即隐藏于表象之下的“文化语法”,成为阐释人类学的重要议题.由于翻译所具有的理解和阐释的特性与解释人类学理论的共通点,本文旨在从阐释人类学的文化的阐释及深度描写的民族志方法出发,探讨在翻译中应该如何对待文化他者,如何进行文化阐释,传真文化.     

教育经历对中国高层次科技人才成长的影响分析——以能源领域为例

本文以中国能源领域中杰出青年科学基金获奖者为研究对象,通过对其教育背景特征的分析,研究探讨了在高层次科技人才成长过程中,人才流动的一般规律,以及在不同的教育环境下,高层次科技人才在学术产出方面所表现的不同特征,以期为我国高层次科技人才的培养和教育提供相关借鉴.     

应用型本科大学物理课程教学改革的研究

通过加强师资队伍建设,改革教学内容,加强实践教学环节,多种教学手段并用等方法和措施对应用型本科大学物理课程教学改革进行了实践和探索。     

赫哲族文化融入国家基础教育课程体系问题的调查研究

赫哲族是中国的人口较少民族之一。此报告应用文献研究和实地调研的方法,以街津口赫哲族乡中心学校民族文化校本课程开发与实施的过程为个案,对赫哲族民族文化融入国家基础教育课程体系的历程、现状及遇到的困难进行了描述。并针对民族文化融入学校课程的现状,归纳出存在课程水平和教育生态两个角度的问题。基于此,归纳和提出了一些具体的改进建议,包括重视采纳学校内生意见和建议、增强文化氛围、从制度层面予以支持。最后针对民族文化的传承与教育问题提出了在社区和社会层面让自下而上产生的社会动力与自上而下的政策倡导相结合,同时兼顾自然与人文社会环境变迁的民族文化教育与传承发展策略,以供相关方面参考讨论。