利用现代教育技术实现优质本科教育

通过在教学过程中对美国优质本科教育七原则的实践,提出有效运用现代教育技术,辅助传统课堂教学,构建教师指导下的以学生为中心的新型教学模式,以实现优质本科教育。     

Eye movement analysis of information processing under different testing conditions

The study reported herein was designed to use eye movement data, collected during solution of complex figural analogies, to test the premise that enhanced feedback mechanisms and opportunities for dual coding of figural stimulus information result in the allocation of an increased percentage of information-processing resources to rule application activities. Subjects were given items from the Advanced Progressive Matrices under elaborated feedback, subject verbalization, or standard procedures. Results indicate that elaborative testing conditions, involving elaborated feedback or subject verbalization, enhance the rule-governed nature of information processing during inductive reasoning by augmenting feedback and dual coding.     

Does prior mathematics knowledge really lead to variation in elementary statistics performance? Evidence from a developing country

A model incorporating prerequisite mathematics performance and other variables deemed to be associated with learning elementary statistics (ES) is developed. The relationship between ES performance and the explanatory variables is well represented by the logistics form. Aptitude, effort and motivation are the only significant explanatory variables of ES performance. Since prerequisite mathematics is not significant, statistical thinking at the tertiary level may be mostly intuitive and non-mathematical. Students with low aptitude experience increasing returns to effort over the first half of the feasible effort interval, while high-aptitude students experience diminishing returns at all levels of effort. The levels of effort required to achieve a minimum pass are interpreted.     

学校亟需信息主管

改革传统教学模式,培养未来公民的信息素质,规范各类教育信息资源,学校管理创新等,在教育信息化进程中,学校亟需信息主管从深化教育体制改革的战略高度统筹规划。学校信息主管应做好教育信息化网络平台建设,教育信息化资源建设,教育信息化在教学、科研、管理行为中的渗透,学校教育信息化氛围的形成四个层面的工作。学校信息主管应同时具备教育技术学、计算机科学、现代教育管理等方面的知识。     

Teacher self-efficacy moderates the relations between imposed pressure from imposed curriculum changes and teacher stress

Based on the Job Demands-resources (RD-R) model, the aim of the current study was to examine how pressure arising from imposed curriculum changes and teacher self-efficacy relate to perceived stress in teachers. Participants (839 teachers working in English schools) completed an online survey that contained questions about demographics, self-reported pressure from imposed curriculum changes, teacher self-efficacy, and perceived stress. Pressure from imposed curriculum changes was positively, and teacher self-efficacy negatively, related to perceived stress. Teacher-self efficacy moderated relations between pressure from imposed curriculum changes and perceived stress. High teacher self-efficacy was associated with lower perceived stress, relative to low teacher self-efficacy, when pressure from imposed curriculum changes was low. The differential advantage offered by high self-efficacy declined as pressure from imposed curriculum changes increased.     

Educational Inequity from the Perspectives of Those Who Live It: Urban Middle School Students’ Perspectives on the Quality of their Education

In interviews with over 250 urban young adolescents, many students make it clear that they are acutely aware of the educational inequities that exist in their schools and that these inequities are having a negative impact on their education. Student voice is used to highlight urban middle school students’ perspectives on the quality of their education particularly in terms of curricular issues, teacher quality, and lack of resources.

中世纪大学向现代大学的过渡——文艺复兴与宗教改革时期欧洲大学的变迁

文艺复兴和宗教改革对传统大学造成以下影响 :冲击了中世纪大学占垄断地位的经院主义课程 ;加快了大学世俗化的进程 ;大学由国际性机构转变为民族性的机构 ;学术自由的萌芽。中世纪欧洲大学变迁的史实表明 ,虽然大学改革最终完成于 19世纪初 ,但实际上于文艺复兴和宗教改革时期近代大学已具雏形     

新课程理念下物理学史再认识

在新课程理念下物理学史与以往相比具有更多的教育功能，因此有必要对物理学史进行再认识，从克服传统物理课程弊端的角度来讲，需要将物理学史运用到物理教学中，而教育重演论为物理学史的应用提供了直接的理论依据。在新课程理念下将物理学史融入物理教学中，可以激发学生的兴趣，有利于学生的“终身学习”；帮助学生理解物理规律，提高问题解决的能力；提高学生的整体科学素养；发挥物理课的德育功能并促进学生的社会性发展等。可以说，物理学史在教学中是对知识与技能，过程与方法，情感、态度与价值观三维目标的有效整合。教师应更新观念；克服三个不利倾向：重视近、现代物理的发展；在教学上灵活处理。     

Conceptual change through vicarious learning in an authentic physics setting

Recent research on principles of best practice for designing effective multimedia instruction has rarely taken into account students’ alternative conceptions, which are known to strongly influence learning. The goal of this study was to determine how well students of quantum mechanics could learn ‘vicariously’ by watching a student-tutor dialogue based on alternative conceptions. Two video treatments were created to summarize key aspects of quantum tunneling, a fundamental quantum mechanical phenomenon. One video depicted a student-tutor dialogue, incorporating many of the common alternative conceptions on the topic, and resolving inconsistencies in reasoning through discussion. The other presented the same correct physics material in an expository style without alternative conceptions. Second year physics students were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments and were tested before and after watching the video during a lecture. Results show a statistically significant (p < .01) advantage for the learners in the dialogue treatment (d = 0.71). Follow-up interviews of students yielded insight into the affective and cognitive benefits of the dialogue video.     

浅谈文艺复兴时期女性的逐步觉醒

本文讨论了文艺复兴时期各阶层妇女如何开始思考自身处境地位，发掘女性自身价值，公开反对神权、男权压迫，参与社会事务以及她们在此过程中的一系列思想变化。旨在为社会转型时期的女性提供一些借鉴启示，使他们能更好地顺应历史潮流，抓住机遇，与男性共创平等和谐的两性关系以促进全人类的文明进步。