Contradictions of time in collaborative school research

The sustainability of research-based innovations in schools is constrained not only by systemic institutional barriers and inherent contradictions between schooling and research, but also by the related issue of time. This case study suggests that relative timescales, e.g., the collective activity of schooling over decades versus the individual actions of researchers over semesters or years, hinder the coordination and synchronization of schooling and research processes. Using cultural–historical activity theory and heterochrony, this analysis of data from a 4-year collaborative school-university research and development project suggests that, in spite of active support from school personnel, temporal conflicts undermined research activity and the sustainability of the innovation. At the same time, when researchers aligned their actions with the actions and timescales of school personnel, core elements of the innovation were appropriated into school practice.

Common legacy,different paths: the transformation of educational systems in the Czech Republic,Slovakia, Hungary and Poland

The goal of this work is to better understand the institutional changes in the educational systems of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. We demonstrate that the educational reforms implemented during the transformation introduced very different institutional arrangements in the four countries, despite the fact that their systems shared many common characteristics at the beginning of the 1990s. Differences between the national approaches to educational reforms are particularly reflected in the modes of education decentralisation, the level of school autonomy, accountability and funding mechanisms. We believe that different institutional arrangements may have contributed to the divergent achievements of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland in the PISA programme.     

From the bottom-up: New York City teacher evaluation and the narration of mediated institutional assault

Following the trend of consequential accountability in US public education, New York City introduced a teacher evaluation program during the 2013–2014 school year that linked teachers’ individual performance ratings with their students’ exam scores. As this program systemically alters the nature of teacher–student relationships by transforming students into the means to an end (teachers’ professional viability), this study investigated the implementation of this accountability program from the point of view of the teachers – those who were the subject of this new policy. This study of 15 teachers’ narratives from 3 distinct schools illuminates a social-organizational process that I refer to as mediated institutional assault – a perceived attack on the teachers’ sense of personhood and moral agency perpetrated by mediating figures whose actions were facilitated by bureaucratic policies and institutionally coordinated tools of control. Thus, this study reveals that the consequence of this new mode of accountability is not merely the threat of losing one’s job, but also an insidious form of psychological assault, which in its masked delivery violates teachers’ sense of relational morality and challenges deeply engrained beliefs about their role as educators.     

大学教师课堂教学质量评价体系的研究

文章认为,教师教学质量评估已成为高校内部教学质量监控的一种最基本和最经常的方式.文章通过对构建科学评估体系的意义作了简要的分析后,根据建立课堂教学质量评价指标体系应遵循的原则提出了教师教学质量评价的方法及具体内容.     

民族传统体育专业人才规格研究

利用北京体育大学50周年校庆的机会对返校的前武术系校友发放调查问卷,以此来确定评价民族传统体育专业毕业生的人才规格的指标体系,了解社会对本专业毕业生人才规格的具体要求并对培养单位提出指导意见。结论为评价民族传统体育专业毕业生的人才规格的指标分为品德、知识、能力和身体四大类共49项,这49项指标分布在四个等级之中,四个一级指标下面的各级指标之间都有其相应的权重;德为才之帅,各体育院校在培养民族传统体育专业的人才时应重视培养学生的品德,事业心、尊师重道、为人诚信等德行的培养应作为重点。     

我国研究型大学知识创新生产效率评价

本研究遵循研究型大学知识创新成果的阶段性产出规律,以高深知识资源为中间产出,将知识创新生产过程划分为两个阶段,即知识创造阶段和知识应用阶段,并据此构建效率评价的两阶段理论模型与基于网络DEA的测算模型。本研究通过评价2006—2017年我国29所研究型大学的知识创新生产总体和两个阶段的相对效率发现:知识创造阶段制约了研究型大学知识创新生产总体效率的提升;占较大比例的综合类和理工类研究型大学知识创造阶段的生产效率相对低于知识应用阶段,并呈现逐年降低的趋势;师范类研究型大学知识创造阶段的生产效率相对最高,知识应用阶段的生产效率连续几年下降后出现大幅回升。研究型大学应通过强化知识生产者激励机制、加强知识创新生产过程管理、优化创新驱动发展战略等措施,促进两个阶段知识创新成果产出效率的提升。     

学龄前聋儿双语教学评估报告

双语教学是近年来欧美一些国家兴起的聋儿教育新模式 ,我国也进行了该种模式的实验。目前对一所聋儿康复中心的双语实验班教学进行了评估。该评估立足于健听儿童的评估标准 ,采用质性与量化分析相结合 ,非正式过程性评估以及情境化和多元化的评估方式 ,在教育活动、儿童发展水平、教师教学水平等方面与某聋儿教育机构中相同背景的口语训练聋儿进行了比较性评估。评估结果表明 ,双语教学促进了聋儿交流能力的提高 ;教学活动效果突出 ;能使聋儿发展水平接近同龄健听儿童 ;聋人家庭聋儿的发展超过同龄健听家庭的聋儿。     

Education on population matters in Europe: results from a comparative survey among students in five European countries

In 1996–1997, within the framework of the European Observatory for Population Education and Information, a comparative survey was conducted among students in final classes of secondary education in several European countries. On the one hand, the survey attempted to assess the effects of education on population in terms of knowledge acquired; the issues addressed in the questionnaire pertained to knowledge of demographic facts and trends (such as the ageing of Western societies and immigration). On the other hand it tried to ascertain students' opinions on demographic trends. What are young people's views on intergenerational solidarity, how tolerant are they towards immigrants, what are their views on recent changes in family structures? This knowledge is important since it is young people's attitudes and future behaviour that will help to shape both the social tissue and the economic prosperity of the European and world population. In this article we present a comparative analysis of survey results obtained in five European countries. We examined the question whether knowledge acquired in the course of scolarisation influences opinions. The results evidence a significant relationship between knowledge of the migrants' issue and attitudes of tolerance towards migrants. By means of multivariate analyses, the impact of factors such as social origin, study orientation and gender on both students' knowledge and attitudes, are investigated. We conclude that adequate educational training on population issues can have a significant positive impact on attitudes of tolerance.     

旅游资源开发评价的研究

在旅游资源开发评价实践的基础上,对新老旅游资源开发性评价进行了大量研究,提出了五大标准的定性评价方法及与之配套的5+1定量评价方法。     

浅析校园文化对人才培养的作用

章通过对校园化的分析和研究，阐述了校园化对人才培养的重要作用，主要认为：校园化是学生从“大中学生”到“小大学生”过度的桥梁；校园化是联结个人与集体，学校与的纽带；校园化是青年学生走向成熟的重要途径，等等。