Global Health Interventions and the “Common Sense” of Neoliberalism: A Dialectical Analysis of PEPFAR

Abstract

Neoliberal ideologies, implicated in increasing global inequality, have significantly influenced how global health interventions are conceived and executed. In this article, we take a critical stance towards the market-based impetus of neoliberalism as articulated in the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the largest comprehensive effort against the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. Using a variety of PEPFAR policy documents, our analysis points to the operation of a neoliberal “common sense” that provides a justification for intervention. Our analysis resulted in three themes: (a) the body as labor, (b) the gendering of the intervention, and (c) political economies of partnerships.     

Degrees of Freedom

This article reviews several attempts to define degrees of freedom, and offers some simple explanations of how they are derived and why they are used in various contexts.     

The role of academic competences and learning processes in predicting Bachelor’s and Master’s thesis grades

Writing an academic thesis is an important and complex task and the thesis grade should reflect students’ academic competences. The present study aims, firstly, at exploring how Bachelor’s and Master’s students self-evaluate their academic competences and approaches to learning and whether their evaluations differ from each other. In addition, the study aims at investigating how academic competences and approaches to learning are related to the thesis grades of Bachelor’s and Master’s students. The data consisted of 1 019 Bachelor's and Master’s students, all of whom completed an electronic questionnaire at the time of their graduation. The results imply that Bachelor’s students already possess a considerable number of academic competences. It seems that students’ organising skills should be supported, especially in the Bachelor phase. Finally, the present study raises the question of what the thesis grade actually measures if its relations to both learning processes and academic competences are questionable.     

思维导图在小学英语词汇教学中的有效应用

思维导图是一种有效的教学工具和学习工具,它在小学教学中获得了广泛的应用和认可。在小学英语教学中采用思维导图的教学方法,能够显著提升小学英语词汇教学的有效性,提高英语教学质量。本文针对思维导图在小学英语教学中的实践应用进行深入分析和研究,并提出相关建议,希望可以为一线英语教师的教学工作提供理论支持。     

英文科技期刊语言润色中与作者的互动策略及启示——《中国航空学报》（英文版）的实践

【目的】探讨Chinese Journal of Aeronautics(CJA)英文润色工作中与作者良性互动对期刊发展的促进作用。【方法】 基于CJA的语言润色工作实践,系统总结了与作者沟通的方法和技巧。【结果】 采用正确有效的沟通技巧和方法帮助CJA建立了良好的编作沟通关系,在提升期刊品牌影响力、培训和维持作者群、增强编辑的职业成就感等方面对期刊发展起到一定的促进作用。【结论】 英文版期刊的编辑在语言润色工作中应高度重视与作者的良性互动,共同提升期刊的语言国际化水平和综合实力。     

Approaches to studying and perceptions of academic quality in distance education

The Course ExperienceQuestionnaire (CEQ) and a short form of theApproaches to Studying Inventory (ASI) wereadapted for use in distance education and wereadministered to students taking six differentcourses with the Open University. Theconstituent structure of the CEQ was preservedin this distinctive context, and a second-orderfactor analysis confirmed its status as ameasure of perceived academic quality. Thestudents' scores on the individual scales ofthe CEQ and the ASI shared almost half of theirrespective variance. It is concluded thatapproaches to studying in distance educationare strongly associated with students'perceptions of the academic quality of theircourses.     

Teaching Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) in a Supply Chain Context: A Paper Football In‐Class Activity

We develop a single‐class period learning game for the Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) improvement cycle. The experiential activity walks teams through the PDSA problem‐solving process as they create paper American footballs and improve their performance using each step of the cycle. The game is one of the first to focus on PDSA. Key benefits include increased student attention, engagement, and learning. Empirical tests show that participant pre‐ and post‐test scores regarding their understanding of each phase of PDSA improved 21.2% after completing the game. Additionally, the treatment group performed 16.6% higher than the control group. In participant perception questions, 85% of participants felt the game was more effective than lecture or reading, 93% felt the game was fun, 95% felt the game improved their understanding of PDSA, and 98% felt the game was engaging.     

高中化学不同学段有效教学研究与实践

化学是理科生高考必考的科目之一,由此可见化学的重要地位。因此,如何针对不同学段的学生进行有效的教学,成为高中化学教师最应该研究与探讨的事情。该文作者认为,应该在不同的学段,培养学生不同的学习能力,教会学生不同的学习方法,帮助学生在高考中取得优异的成绩。     

旅游饭店业人力资源开发与管理的探讨

现代企业的竞争，归根到底是人才的竞争。旅游饭店业在迅猛发展的同时，其竞争也更加激烈，更加复杂。人力资源的优劣，人才资源的多寡，成为决定旅游饭店企业成败的关键因素。因此，更多饭店业的高级管理人员把关注的目光投向人力资源的开发和管理上。笔者通过几年饭店业工作的实践经验。对目前旅游饭店业的发展状况及存在的问题进行了分析和阐述。 饭店高素质复合型人才短缺和人力资源结构失衡是形成旅游饭店在市场竞争中处于被动态势的主要原因。而饭店员工的高流动率，考核及提升机制的不完善，又影响了饭店员工工作积极性的发挥。降低了服务产品质量和工作效率。因此．笔者对旅游饭店业人力资源的开发与管理的对策进行了阐述。笔者认为，运用科学的管理方法。实施”人性化”管理，完善激励机制，健全人才培养机制，加大对员工的资本投入，优化中高层管理人员队伍结构，提高中高层管理人员素质，形成完善有效的职业经理人制度，并保持柔性流动机制。使人力资源得到有效的利用、管理、挖掘，从而使员工积极性得到最大发挥，是提高旅游饭店的经济效益和社会效益的前提保障。     

Study on one-dimensional consolidation of saturated soil with semi-pirviovs boundaries and under cyclic loading

The variation of effective stress ratio of stratfied soil with semi-pervious boundaries and under cyclic loading was analyzed on the basis of Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation assumptions. A solution by Laplace Transform was obtained for the case when the soil was under time-varied loading. With numerical inversion of Laplace Transform, some useful results were obtained for several kinds of commonly encountered loadings. The results can be meaningful in engineering practice.