Superior short-term learning effect of visual and sensory organisation ability when sensory information is unreliable in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts

Rhythmic gymnasts specialise in dynamic balance under sensory conditions of numerous somatosensory, visual, and vestibular stimulations. This study investigated whether adolescent rhythmic gymnasts are superior to peers in Sensory Organisation test (SOT) performance, which quantifies the ability to maintain standing balance in six sensory conditions, and explored whether they plateaued faster during familiarisation with the SOT. Three and six sessions of SOTs were administered to 15 female rhythmic gymnasts (15.0 ± 1.8 years) and matched peers (15.1 ± 2.1 years), respectively. The gymnasts were superior to their peers in terms of fitness measures, and their performance was better in the SOT equilibrium score when visual information was unreliable. The SOT learning effects were shown in more challenging sensory conditions between Sessions 1 and 2 and were equivalent in both groups; however, over time, the gymnasts gained marginally significant better visual ability and relied less on visual sense when unreliable. In conclusion, adolescent rhythmic gymnasts have generally the same sensory organisation ability and learning rates as their peers. However, when visual information is unreliable, they have superior sensory organisation ability and learn faster to rely less on visual sense.     

Bicycle rider control skills: expertise and assessment

Abstract

Research on how human balance and control bicycles are inconclusive, largely due to the small number of participants in the previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that 1) cycling lateral deviation amplitude will reliably show differences between more and less experienced cyclists and 2) more experienced will exhibit slower and smaller steering motions compared to the less experienced cyclists. Twenty-eight experienced and inexperienced cyclists rode a bicycle in a straight line. Lateral deviation, steering and roll were measured. Intersession reliability of the deviation was high with Cronbach’s alpha values higher than 0.75. The amplitude, variability and rate of steering and roll parameters showed statistically significant differences between the groups. The test used in this study is sensitive to detect differences between more and less experienced cyclists and can be used for further research that aims to test the effect of a specific intervention addressing rider control. We also showed that steering and roll angle, which were described before as two of the main motor control actions in bicycle control, differ in the variability, amplitude and rate between more and less experienced cyclists. The results of the present study have practical implications for improving bicycle rider control and increasing the safety of cyclists.     

体育场地资源配置的均衡性研究

摘要：采用文献资料调研法和数理统计法,借鉴统计学和经济学中的基尼系数,按人口、经济和陆域面积等分布对福建省体育场地建设与管理所投入的人力、物力、财力、信息等资源配置的均衡性进行分析。结果表明：基于人口和经济分布的福建省体育场地资源配置均衡性好于陆域面积分布的均衡性;福建省体育场地从业人员、体育场地投资配置处于不均衡状态,福州市、厦门市和泉州市高于其他区市;体育场地面积处于相对合理状态,但重量轻质,城乡差异明显;体育场地对外开放配置处于使用效益低的相对合理状态。履行政府职责、转变配置理念、完善政策措施、强化生态化管理、创新评价机制是实现福建省体育场地资源均衡配置,促进体育场地资源创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享发展的重要举措。     

确认体内违禁物质来源对兴奋剂违规非故意认定的意义——从阿德米诉欧洲足联案谈起

世界反兴奋剂条例在“无过错和无重大过错”的定义中明确要求运动员要证明违禁物质如何进入体内,而关于“非故意”则无明文规定。在阿德米兴奋剂违规案中,国际体育仲裁院在运动员未能证实样本中违禁物质来源的前提下,运用优势证据认可其违规行为为非故意,将4年的禁赛期缩减为2年。通过对该案例的分析和对类似案件的对比,得出结论：运动员的举证责任和他获得的利益原则上成正比,运动员必须确立违禁物质如何进入体内以证明自己无过错或无重大过错,从而达到免除或缩减禁赛期的目的,参照上述规则,对于非故意可以减少一半的禁赛期这样巨大的利益也应当明确运动员的这一举证责任是必需的。     

浅析加强港航系统信息化和自动化建设的重要性

以集装箱运输为例,阐述了加强港航系统信息化和自动化建设的重要性,同时对集装箱运输系统的信息化和自动化建设提出了一些具体的方案和措施。这些方案和措施对于其他运输系统同样具有借鉴作用。     

现代体育联盟特点探悉

当代体育联盟具有的独特的特点和规律,不同于其他行业。体育商品产出是各个俱乐部相互竞争对抗的结果,而为了盈利,俱乐部又要团结协作,所以体育俱乐部是一种竞争依赖性关系。体育联盟的存在,解决了体育俱乐部恶性竞争,实力差距过大等方面的问题。体育联盟的管理使得体育俱乐部整体方面的营销更加高效和有序,并在维持俱乐部之间实力方面作了很多实际有效的工作。     

运动与甲状腺激素反应研究进展

甲状腺功能紊乱主要影响机体运动的耐受性,从而导致机体剧烈运动能力的降低。另一方面,运动本身也可直接或间接影响甲状腺功能,或者引起下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴功能的急剧改变,或者导致运动员甲状腺功能的长期改变。运动员甲状腺功能的改变是一种耐受能力的适应性机制,这种适应性机制可使能量的摄取和消耗趋于平衡。女运动员过度减重常常出现“低T3综合症”,从而导致运动性闭经以及其它下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴功能的紊乱,     

扩招后高校体育信息资源的生态平衡

采用文献资料法、调查法、数理统计法、访谈法等研究方法,对扩招后高校体育教育信息资源的生态平衡现状进行调查,发现其失衡之处。运用教育生态平衡原理对体育教育信息资源的现状进行综合分析,提出扩招后高校体育教育信息保持生态平衡的理论和对策。     

北京奥运会女子平衡木决赛动作分析与研究

第29届奥运会已经在北京顺利圆满的结束,中国以51金的历史最好成绩位列金牌榜首位。中国体操军团也以9金的成绩取得历史新的突破。但在平衡木项目上中国两名实力选手皆因出现失误而无缘金牌。通过录像统计和资料研究,对平衡木决赛运动员的成套技术动作难度及连接加分还有出现的失误进行分析和研究,为该项目的发展提供参考。     

篮球比赛中裁判员心理状态浅析

通过对篮球裁判员在执法过程中常见的几种 心理状态进行总结、分析,提出相应的改进方法,旨在为裁判员能消除不良心理状态,更加公正的执法提供理论参考。