Gender-preferential intergenerational patterns in primary educational attainment: An econometric approach to a case in rural Mindanao,the Philippines

This study investigates the factors determining children's educational attainment, focusing on gender-differential intergenerational patterns, by employing a case study from rural Mindanao. The result mainly shows, unlike general trends in developing countries, educational attainment is more favorable for girls; maternal education level is equally associated with daughters’ and sons’ education levels, and paternal education level is preferentially favorable to their sons. To reduce the disparity, suggestions include providing boy-specific interventions to enhance the magnitude of the father–son educational virtuous circle and comparing the magnitude of gender-equal maternal and boy-preferential paternal education influences to specify which effect is larger.     

EUROPEAN DISSERTATION SUMMARIES

To alleviate teachers’ reluctance toward practical work, there has been much discussion on teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge, teaching materials, and failsafe strategies for practical work. Despite these efforts, practical work is still regarded as a challenging task for many elementary science teachers. To understand the complexity of teachers’ conflicts in practical work, this study examines teachers’ ideas about teaching and learning that influence teachers’ decision‐making and action on teaching practical work. More important than knowing technical–rational aspects of practical work is to understand the internal contradictions that teachers have to resolve within themselves regarding their capabilities and beliefs about science teaching and practical work. Using stories and experiences of 38 third‐year university students in a science method course in Korea, we seek to understand the conflicts and negotiations that they experience as they make decisions regarding practical work throughout their course. Reflective writings and group discussions on their lived experiences and concerns were used to probe participants’ ideas on teaching using practical work. From written and verbal data, themes were saturated in terms of the aspects which could (dis)encourage their practice. Results suggest that there are multifactorial challenges in pre‐service teachers’ understandings and concerns in practical work. Besides time, materials, and curriculum, pedagogical assumptions and values also compositely challenge the minds of teachers. As the pre‐service elementary teachers negotiated within themselves the importance of science in classroom and social levels, the question is raised about their identities as pre‐service elementary teachers to appreciate the balance between science teaching and practical work.     

试论CAI多媒体性与汽车构造课教学特征的对应

CAI现代教育技术在现代教育中应用日益广泛，而在汽车专业教学中却刚刚兴起，有许多问题需要探奠。查毒手毒莽绍了CAI多媒体性与汽车构造课教学特征的对应关系，并对在汽车构造教学中使用CAI的相关问题及探讨做了论述，以达到推广和普及CAI现代教育技术应用于汽车专业教学领域的目的。     

建筑物受震破坏的原因分析及现有房屋的抗震加固措施

对建筑物震害原因及结构破坏机理作了简要介绍，探讨了对现有建筑进行抗震加固的意义并对国内当前常用的加固技术措施作了详细的分析和研究。     

冲压模设计中的五要素

分析冲压模设计中应考虑的五要素：冲压件工艺性、冲压件材料、冲压设备、模具制造及使用性能。指出冲压模设计中应注意的若干问题。     

试谈翻译中理解的误区

理解原作是一切翻译活动不可或缺的环节,是正确表达的基础和前提,也是一项很艰巨的工作.本文以<棋王>英译文例,就其在多义词、句子结构、文化词语三方面对原作一些句子的理解提出质疑,并给出参考译文.     

建构和完善育人体系增强农村学校法纪教育的实效性

随着我国农村经济改革的不断深入,农民物质文化生活得到了很大改善和提高,但是,农村学校法纪教育缺失问题在各地农村仍然极为明显,中小学生的安全、教育、情感、心理等一系列问题日益突击。尤其是农村学校中的违法乱纪现象急剧上升,已变成为严重的社会问题。本文通过对农村学校法纪教育的现状及其成因和教育思路的探讨,以此来增强农村各级组织和学校对这一特殊群体的法纪教育意识,从而减少农村学校中的违法犯罪并同时得到社会各方面的关注。     

C语言和PASCAL语言的对比学习

掌握了一门程序设计语言后学习其它的语言课程，应有意识地进行对比。文中重点从数据结构、语言工具两个方面比较了C语言和PASCAL语言的异同并进一步指出：在学习进程中贯穿对比思维，可达到事半功倍、温故知新的效果。     

分块矩阵初等变换及其应用

章介绍了分块矩阵的初等变换的概念，分块矩阵初等变换与分块矩阵乘法之间的联系，以及分矩阵初等变换的应用。     

当代西方教师专业学习共同体的理论与实践

随着教师专业化发展和不断提高教育质量的迫切要求,当代西方专业学习共同体理论也应运而生。在历经了共同体理论、学习型组织理论、学习共同体理论之后,教师专业学习共同体理论也逐渐完善,并在促进教师专业发展的实践中产生了非常积极的作用。成功的专业学习共同体不仅具有共享和支持性的领导、共同的价值观和愿景、共同学习和应用、共享的个人实践、支持性条件等五个特征,而且还具有专注于学习、合作的文化、聚焦于成果等基本理念。