From childhood emotional maltreatment to depressive symptoms in adulthood: The roles of self-compassion and shame

BackgroundEmotional abuse is a form of maltreatment that most strongly predicts adult depressive symptoms in community samples. Introject theories suggest that some depressive symptoms stem from survivors having learned to treat themselves the way they were treated by their perpetrators.ObjectiveMalevolent introjects may undermine self-compassion, which may subsequently maintain feelings of shame. Thus, we hypothesized that self-compassion and shame would mediate the path from retrospective reports of maltreatment to concurrent depressive symptoms in adulthood.Participants and SettingParticipants were 244 adult community members and college students living in a Southwestern American metroplex.MethodWe ran a multiple mediator path model with emotional abuse as the independent variable. We specified four covariates: physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect, and held constant the variance they explained in self-compassion, shame, and depression.ResultsOur final model accounted for 53.1% of the variance in adult depressive symptoms. A significant indirect effect from emotional abuse passed through both mediators and ended in adult depressive symptoms. We also found an indirect path from emotional neglect to depression passing through both mediators.ConclusionsIt appears emotional abuse and emotional neglect can undermine the formation of self-compassion. Low self-compassion predicts greater shame and depressive symptoms. Our model suggests self-compassion may be a particularly effective intervention point for survivors of emotional maltreatment.     

Emotional and behavior problems in adopted children – The role of early adversities and adoptive parents’ regulation and behavior

BackgroundEarly adversity and negative experiences in the adoptive family can put adopted children at risk for emotional and behavior problems.ObjectiveThis study analyzes the influence of children’s preadoptive history and adoptive parents’ characteristics on the psychosocial adjustment of nationally and internationally adopted children in Germany.Participants and settingThe survey included 172 adopted children aged between 24 and 145 months and their adoptive parents.MethodsParents provided information about preadoptive history. Information about emotional and behavior problems was obtained from the parental version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parental well-being was obtained through a composite score of three standardized measures (self-efficacy questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale PSS-4, Brief Symptom Inventory BSI); parenting behavior was assessed with the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (DEAPQ).Results12.5% of the adopted children scored in the clinical range of the SDQ. In a multiple regression analysis, the experience of maltreatment and neglect was the most important predictor of emotional and behavior problems at time of assessment, followed by pre- and perinatal risk and parental stress regulation difficulties, R² = .423, F(4, 128) = 28.539. Increases in the number of risk factors present were associated with a greater odd of children scoring in the clinical range of the SDQ.ConclusionsMost of the nationally and internationally adopted children in this sample were well-adjusted. Prenatal and preadoptive risk as well as stress regulation capacities of the main caregiver contributed to the child’s development. An accumulation of risks increased the likelihood of adjustment problems in adopted children.     

多元智能理论对英语教学的启示

多元智能理论突破传统单一的智力概念,强调人的智力由多种智能构成,同时指出每个人都有其优势智能.英语教师要转变传统的学生观、教学观、评价观,为每一个学生的发展创造条件.     

传统智力与情绪智力的区别与联系

情绪智力是在近20多年才出现,它的出现给人们带来了一个问题,那就是情绪智力到底是什么智力,它与传统智力是否有区别。这个问题涉及到什么是传统智力以及与情绪智力有什么不同之处这两个方面,认为情绪智力是传统智力的一个补充,传统智力侧重于语言,逻辑等认知加工,而情绪智力侧重于对情绪性信息的加工,两者之间的联系在于都包含有认知的...     

新技术革命助力我国科技情报工作效能析论

[目的/意义]探讨新技术革命对我国科技情报工作效能的影响,为我国科技情报工作与时代同行共进提供借鉴与参考。[方法/过程]从新技术革命对我国科技情报工作的整体影响出发,分析大数据、人工智能、移动互联网、超级计算等新一代信息技术发展下我国科技情报工作思维、机制、模式等方面可能产生的变革。[结果/结论]大数据改变情报工作思维、人工智能增强情报判断能力、移动互联网创新情报工作模式、传输和计算速度飞跃增进情报与决策联动关系;新技术革命既是一个提升我国科技情报工作"参谋""智囊"形象和地位的良好机遇,又是一次对情报战略预见、决策引领能力的严峻挑战,更是一场情报生产革新之战。     

计算情报初探

[目的/意义]面向发展情报,未来的情报工作可能面临解决多维目标问题,以及实现每个目标的多重发展路径的选取问题,传统的情报方法在解决多情报并行问题上无法满足大规模人力需求,需要借助人工智能、脑科学、认知技术等手段,通过计算机来计算情报、辅助决策。文章从量化计算对科学研究的重要作用入手,分析计算情报的重要意义。[方法/过程]将计算情报界定为以计算机的"运算能力(大数据)"为经,"计算思维(人工智能)"为纬进行情报的量化分析和判断,针对计算情报面临的挑战与机遇进行了分析;提出实现计算情报的两个前提和一个转化基本思路,两个前提是大数据环境和人工智能技术,一个转化是将情报活动中的过程性的主观决策转化为客观概率上的不确定性,并通过"证据链模型"探索计算情报的实现途径。[结果/结论]认为当前环境下,计算情报是可能实现的。计算情报的实现不仅需要情报与信息技术、人工智能技术融合,还需要应用以数学理论为代表的基础科学理论。     

Blockchain in the operations and supply chain management: Benefits,challenges and future research opportunities

Blockchain technologies have captured the imagination of scholars, managers, and practitioners around the world. It is widely accepted by these actors that blockchain is not a buzzword, but a highly disruptive technology that is already remodeling the organizations and their supply chain business models. Despite the meaningful advance in the last years, blockchain applications regarding the operations and supply chain management (OSCM) are still in their infancy. Little is known about the role of blockchain in terms of operations traceability, as well in areas such as e-commerce, agriculture, public services, etc. Therefore, this Special Issue seeks to extend our understanding of blockchain applications in OSCM and how firms create and capture business value with blockchain. To this effect, this Special Issue will provide a well-articulated and in-depth discussion of the role of blockchain in creating value in the domain of OSCM. Specifically, it is expected that more light is shed on how blockchain integrates with and impacts new business models, transforms relationships, and improves performance and competitive advantage in OSCM. Also, the evolution of blockchain was reviewed in order to provide a strong background to the readers. The literature review was performed taking into account a bibliometric perspective of blockchain-related publications. The review supports the importance of this Special Issue by highlighting the urgent needs of this topic in this reputable journal. Finally, we provide future research directions and a guide for the papers presented in this Special Issue.     

新冠疫情与情报智慧:突发公共卫生事件疾控应急工作情报能力评价

【目的/意义】评价我国突发公共卫生事件疾控应急工作情报能力现状,识别肺炎鏖战中情报能力的问题,对指导现实工作具有重要意义。【方法/过程】本文以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为具体问题,推演疾控应急工作情报智慧树模型,设计因应的情报能力评价体系,改进熵权法来测定指标权重及评价结果。通过比较权重的位序与增量来发现疫情任务情报能力的重点,以及情报能力在该问题中和既往工作的差异,利用短板参量分析肺炎鏖战中情报能力的不足。【结果/结论】研究发现:本次任务对情报保障和利用能力具有较高要求,较与以往疾控应急工作,对情报加工和传递能力的需求加剧;情报决策、情报处理与分析、情报劳动者和情报政策成为疾控应急工作情报能力的重要因素;短板问题存在于应急队伍、开展应用性应急课题研究和应急情报管理机制之中,另有待优化问题存在于应急预案、公众引导、应急制度等项目之中。本研究根据上述分析结果对肺炎鏖战中的情报能力治理提出对策建议。     

特质情绪智力对大学生射箭后即刻心率变异性的影响

本研究旨在探讨特质情绪智力与大学生射箭后即刻心率变异性(HRV)恢复反应的关联性。样本包括34名年龄在18至22岁之间的射箭初学者。第一,这些受试者要完成特质情绪智力量表。第二,他们在四分钟内从18米处向直径为80cm的靶子射出10支箭。第三,在4分钟的恢复期内测量受试者的心率变异性恢复的反应。在本研究中,心率变异性指标采用低频(LF)、高频(HF)和LF/HF比值。结果表明,情绪智力和心率变异性恢复反应之间有显著关系。包含情绪智力子维度的回归模型能够解释HRV频域参数的显著差异。此外,高情绪智力大学生的低频和高频功率高于低情绪智力的大学生,但LF/HF数值低于低情绪智力射箭运动员。综上所述,本研究观察到的结果表明,在严格的射箭训练之后,情绪智力可能会产生更多适应性的HRV恢复反应。     

小学语文教学中的情感教育及其实施策略

小学语文是基础学科,语文的学习是为以后其他学科的学习奠定基础,如今的教育不能再是简单的"传道授业解惑",要运用多种多样的教学方法,培养学生的学习情感,引导学生爱上学习,并建立良好的师生关系,从而提高教学质量,本文针对小学语文教学中的情感教育及其实施策略提出了建议.