中国近代海关的洋员录用制度（1854—1911年）

中国近代海关的高效廉洁，除了应用先进的管理制度外，在很大程度上是由于关员品质的纯洁、才能的卓越造成的。与传统海关相比，新关的洋员录用制度白成一体，具有许多鲜明的特点。凡是新人入关，无论何人推荐，都必须通过严格的考试择优录取。新关的“推荐——考试”制度照顾了各方面的利益，使海关录用了大量合格的关员，从而提高了海关行政的效率，推动了中外贸易的发展。     

日本劳资集体谈判中“春斗”的发展与启示

春斗是日本调整集体劳动关系的重要途径,每年春季由劳资双方的全国性组织就该年度的劳动条件进行集体谈判。半个多世纪以来,适应社会和经济的变革要求,春斗从工会强势要求提高劳动者工资发展到劳资双方相互妥协、协商共赢,其对劳动条件的改善和社会经济的发展起到了积极的作用。今后,超越阶级的界限,从社会理念和公众利益出发,采用非暴力、非罢工的平和方式,以失业与雇用为主要争议课题,谋求劳资双方的利益平衡,将是春斗得以延续的时代要求。其发展经验对我国建立健全集体协商机制,协调与平衡劳资关系,切实保护劳动者权益具有重要的借鉴意义。     

高校图书馆员工沉默行为研究

高校图书馆员沉默行为是由于个性差异、性别特点、文化背景及管理因素等引起。该行为会给馆员自身带来压力,也不利于事业的发展,因此管理者应该改变工作方法和思路,尽量缩小权利差距,树立合作信任的管理理念,营造良好的组织文化,减少员工沉默行为。     

The “human side” of open innovation: The role of employee diversity in firm-level openness

The use of external knowledge for innovation (i.e., inbound or outside-in open innovation) has received substantial attention in the innovation literature. However, the “human side” of open innovation is still poorly understood. We consider the role of employee characteristics with respect to predicting firm-level openness. Drawing on the human capital, learning and creativity literatures, we theorize that knowledge diversity of the firm’s employees is positively associated with employees’ ability to identify and absorb external knowledge, which aggregates to increased firm-level openness—that is, firms’ use of external knowledge in their pursuit of innovation. Based on a combination of three data sources, namely, two survey data sources and register data, we find support for our hypothesis that employees’ educational diversity is positively associated with firm-level openness. However, we find no direct association between employees’ work history diversity and firm-level openness but rather—as also hypothesized—a conditional relationship based on educational background, which implies that diverse work history only has a positive impact at higher levels of educational diversity. To reduce endogeneity concerns, we undertake a series of robustness checks.     

创新重大产业项目劳动者社会化管理——以富士康为例

作为统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区,成都在重大产业项目社区管理服务方面也采取了先行先试的做法,并取得初步成效。然而必须正视已有的现实基础和遇到的难点问题,通过创新社区管理模式和工作机制、创新外来务工劳动者融入城市的工作机制,解决城市二元结构等措施来推动管理的深化。     

Integrative Process in Manager–Employee Negotiations: Relational and Structural Factors

This study examines the effect of relational and structural factors on integrative process involved in manager–employee negotiations. Eighty government employees recalling specific negotiation episodes with a supervisor completed survey items measuring three integrative dimensions of the discussion. Twenty-five divisional supervisors completed measures of work unit rule observation and participation in decision making. Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) and rule observation were both substantial predictors of elaboration and mutual concessions during negotiation. Implications discussed include the importance of organizational members' recognizing the integrative potential in workplace negotiations. These findings illustrate that awareness of interpersonal dynamics and formal rule structure in the work unit can help employees better plan to negotiate elements of their work role with a manager.     

The Flexible Organization: How Contemporary Employees Construct the Work/Life Border

The subject of work/life balance and boundaries has received much scholarly attention in the last 15 years. How employees understand these concepts and organizational response to this construction can and does have real consequences for an employee's work/life balance. Consistent with work/life border theory, initial qualitative data indicated that employees identify flexibility and permeability as key concepts in work/life balance. We sought to understand how contemporary employees define these terms. Interview data suggested that contemporary employees desire four distinct but interdependent types of flexibility: time, space, evaluation, and compensation. The emphasis on flexibility suggested a trend, at least among this sample, toward integrating the domains of work and life consistent with work/life boundary theory and raised questions about the changing conception of work in contemporary organizations. Conclusions and implications are discussed. Results of this study suggest that future research should seek to uncover what communicative strategies organizations and employees use to co-create and negotiate this work/life border.     

浅析高科技企业员工激励效果的优化

随着以高科技为主导的经济时代的到来,高科技企业间的竞争也越来越激烈,工作效率的降低、人才的流失正成为高科技企业前行的绊脚石,而激励效果不佳是工作效率降低、人才流失的主要原因。本文主要通过对高科技企业员工激励效果的影响因素进行分析,然后从高科技企业员工需求差异的角度入手,结合高科技企业的影响因素,依据企业的特征,阐述了优化高科技企业激励效果的具体措施。     

员工心理契约与员工绩效关系的实证分析——以舟山市船舶修造业研发员工为例

以舟山市船舶修造业研发员工为研究对象,通过问卷调查掌握其心理契约现状。在此基础上,运用多元回归模型,从心理契约的员工责任因素和组织责任因素出发,考察上述两方面因素对员工绩效的影响。为了更准确地反映上述两者之间的关系,本研究把性别、年龄、教育、职务和组织时间作为控制变量,以消除上述变量对因变量的影响。研究结果显示,构成心理契约的员工责任和组织责任对员工绩效均有显著影响,说明改善员工心理契约管理能显著提高员工绩效。