北京市街道幼儿园发展历程的回顾与反思

街道幼儿园作为一种特殊的幼教机构，有其产生的特殊历史背景，能够满足特定的社会需要。街道园需乘体制改革之机，重新定位自己，争取办园自主权，以获得新的发展。     

Investigating the effect of school‐wide positive behavioral interventions and supports on student learning and behavioral problems in elementary and middle schools

Many states have scaled up School‐Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SW‐PBIS) with the goal of improving student behavior and academic outcomes. Although the effects of SW‐PBIS on behavioral and discipline outcomes have been promising, the findings for academic achievement have been inconclusive and are often limited to cross‐sectional data. This paper examined the longitudinal effect of SW‐PBIS on student behavioral problems and academic achievement growth in elementary and middle schools using propensity score matching. We found no statistically significant longitudinal effects of SW‐PBIS on either student behavior problems or academic achievement among elementary and middle schools in this quasi‐experimental design, even though the positive direction of longitudinal changes would be identified. The result raised questions about the efficacy of SW‐PBIS using a statewide achievement test when scaled up to a state level. Additional research is needed to better understand the impact of SW‐PBIS using rigorous scale‐up designs.     

社会支持对大学生孤独感的影响研究

以探讨社会支持对大学生孤独感的影响,促进大学生社会支持系统的构建及良好情感品质的发展为目的,采用UCLA孤独量表、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）等方法,对498名大学生进行问卷调查。结果显示：在不同性别、是否独生、是否贫困、是否恋爱以及不同专业上的孤独感和社会支持差异显著;孤独感与各社会支持之间呈显著负相关;孤独感中高得分组、低得分组的各社会支持差异都达到显著水平。从而证明社会支持与孤独感呈显著负相关。应该引导大学生构建并利用社会支持系统,积极培养大学生的良好情感品质,从社会支持与情感品质角度促进其心理健康。     

The families of children who fail to thrive: preliminary investigations of parental deprivation among organic and non-organic cases

A majority of cases of failure to thrive (FTT) do not have a known organic etiology. Social and psychological determinants are sought for these "non-organic failure to thrive" (N-O FTT) cases. Social and psychological differences between non-organic and organic cases are also explored here. With the introduction of the term, "maternal deprivation," medical practitioners have implicated mothers' deficiencies as instrumental in the etiology of N-O FTT. However, these mothers are themselves usually deprived. Lack of cooperation in childcare by both parents is noted when classic clinical cases are reviewed. We suggest that the concept, "parental deprivation," provides a more accurate model. Preliminary research findings support our hypothesis that mothers of FTT infants do not have good social support networks. Teen motherhood and socioeconomic status also appear to be important, but not necessary as determinants. An unexpected finding is that there are few differences in the social deficiencies of families of N-O FTT infants as compared to those failing for organic reasons. Two unanticipated findings appear noteworthy. First, infants failing for organic reasons are significantly smaller and thinner at birth, independent of pregnancy complications or prematurity. Second, infants failing for non-organic reasons are more likely to present during the period of infant-caretaker role development and less likely in the later toddler stage. Additional research into the feasibility of strengthening family supports as a basis of intervention is recommended.     

液压支架漏液分析与控制

论述液压支架漏液产生的原因及危害，提出了对液压支架漏液可行性控制的基本有效途径。     

试论环境道德教育对构建和谐社会的精神支撑

构建和谐社会是党中央提出的一项战略目标,人与自然的和谐是和谐社会的内在要求。环境道德教育对构建人与自然的和谐、人与人的、社会的和谐具有精神支撑的作用。具体表现在:环境道德教育是人的综合素质全面发展的需要,是实施可持续发展战略的重要保证,是实现从工业文明范式的价值观向生态文明范式的价值观转换的关键。     

A comparison of workshop training versus intensive,experiential training for improving behavior support skills in early educators

Effective behavior support is an important component of high-quality and nurturing early childhood classroom settings. At present, there are few studies that investigate the best way to train and support teachers in these strategies. The present study compared two different training approaches: (1) a workshop that included a one-day classroom-based training that introduced effective preventative and behavior support strategies followed by school year behavioral consultation support; or (2) an intensive condition that included the one-day workshop plus four days of experiential learning and practice in a preschool classroom followed by school year behavioral consultation support. Eighty-eight teachers/aides were randomly assigned to one of the two training conditions, and training occurred in August before the commencement of the school year. Results indicated that on observations of effective behavioral management and instructional learning formats, teachers in the intensive condition were improved proximally, with effects waning over time. For measures of teacher use of praise, the intensive group maintained the improved rate throughout the school year relative to the workshop group. Rates of commands and observations of classroom productivity were not different between groups. Teachers were satisfied with both approaches to training.     

Family Engagement and Tiered Approaches for Middle and Secondary Students

Tiered instruction and social/emotional supports (such as Response to Intervention or Positive Behavior Intervention Supports) are not only for elementary students. Middle and high school educators are now implementing these strategies to close the skills achievement gap and support students in various classes. One crucial component often neglected in professional literature involves ways to collaborate with families, especially when their student is receiving specialized tiered instruction. Due to the importance of engaging and empowering families, this article describes ways middle and high school personnel can strengthen the family–school collaboration when a student is receiving support in tiered systems.