工程液压系统故障检测与诊断技术

本文分析工程液压系统故障的特点，研究工程液压系统故障检测与诊断技术的发展；建立故障现场检测与诊断法，从而提高液压系统工作的稳定性和可靠性。     

A systematic review of trends and findings in research employing drawing assessment in science education

ABSTRACT

In this study, we reviewed 76 journal articles on employing drawing assessment as a research tool in science education. Findings from the systematic review suggest four justifications for using drawing as a type of research tool, including assessment via drawing as (a) an alternative method considering young participants’ verbal or writing abilities, and affective or economic reasons, (b) a unique method that can reveal aspects not easily measured by other methods, (c) a major method that reflects characteristics of science subjects, and (d) a formative assessment to diagnose students’ ideas to benefit their learning. Furthermore, five research trends of studies using drawing as assessment tools are identified, including: (a) students’ conceptions of scientists from the Draw-a-Scientist-Test (DAST) and evolving studies, (b) students’ understanding or mental models of science concepts, (c) participants’ conceptions of science learning or teaching, (d) students’ inquiry abilities and modelling skills via drawing, and (e) technology to support drawing. For each trend, we synthesised and commented on the current findings. A framework conceptualising phases and issues when designing research and instruments employing drawing assessments is proposed. The review provides insights into the design and future direction of research employing drawing assessments in science education.     

“新工科”背景下提升青年教师工程实践能力的思考

“新工科”行动是深化我国高等工程教育改革创新的一项重大举措,这对教师的专业素质提出很高的要求,而青年教师是工程教育发展的主力军。文章针对青年教师在工程实践教学中存在的不足,探讨了提升其工程素质的措施。     

基于应用能力的土木工程专业模块化课程体系构建--以贵州工程应用技术学院为例

由于传统知识输入体系已经不能满足应用型人才培养的要求,因此需要建立以技术体系为主线的土木工程专业应用型人才培养体系。通过相应课程体系培养学生专业应用能力和实践能力,研究以课程结构模块化和课程内容模块化为突破口,以土木工程技术体系为主线,在课程群和岗位群的基础上构建了土木工程专业应用型人才培养的模块化课程结构体系。     

基于感性工学的办公无线鼠标造型设计研究

为满足青年群体对办公用无线鼠标造型的审美诉求及感性需求,基于感性工学理论,充分探究青年用户办公用无线鼠标的情感意象。首先,焦点小组基于KJ分类法筛选出无线鼠标样本?其次,基于语义差异法分析无线鼠标样本感性词汇对,构建产品造型感性意象评价体系?最后,从造型、材质和色彩三个方面绘制意象尺度图,结合阶层类别分析法与焦点小组从感性意象中提取设计要素,并推论出匹配的物理特性,应用于无线鼠标造型的方案设计。感性工学理论结合其他设计方法可有效指导产品的研发,也为同类产品的造型优化设计提供了新思路。     

Comparison of China/USA science and technology performance

The relative performance of science and technology (S&T) in the USA and PRC was compared in terms of quantity and quality, as reflected in their technical literatures. Three databases (Science Citation Index (SCI), INSPEC, Ei Compendex) were selected for the quantity comparison, and citation analysis in the SCI was used for the quality comparison. Thirty technology and research areas were compared for quantity production, and are presented in this paper. These 30 areas were selected based on our previous assessment of PRC S&T output, and represented areas of emphasis by the PRC in physical, environmental, engineering, and life sciences.In almost all technical areas, the USA had the quantity (number of papers) lead (for the period 2002–2007) based on the SCI results, although the PRC has made dramatic strides to overtake the USA. In most of the technical areas, by 2007 PRC had attained parity with, or exceeded, the S&T literature production of the USA in the INSPEC database. The major exceptions were the biomedical field and some aspects of environmental science, where the USA still had a large lead. For most technical areas, by 2007 the PRC had even higher relative S&T literature production, based on the Ei Compendex, compared to the INSPEC results. Moreover, the USA production appears to have peaked (in the Ei Compendex) in the 2005 time frame, despite increasing amounts of funding for S&T research. The PRC challenge in non-biomedical research and technology sectors becomes apparent in those databases that do not contain substantial biomedical research papers, and therefore remove a substantial intrinsic USA advantage.For quality computations, the publication and citation results were normalized to discrete slices of time, and are presented for nanotechnology only (for the period 1998–2003). While the USA held a commanding lead in quality over the PRC (and the other major nanotechnology producer nations as well) during the past decade, the PRC has increased the quality of its publications monotonically, and now appears to be competitive with France, Italy, Japan, and Australia, using the quality metric in this paper.     

优化应用数学基础教材体系满足工程硕士专业研究需求

本文讨论和分析了工程硕士《应用数学基础》教材的立项背景、学生特点、课程现状，总结了工程硕士《应用数学基础》教材编写中的研究成果。     

Telling their stories: A study of librarians' use of narrative in instruction

Narratives are the heuristics the brain uses to make sense of the world. When they are embraced in teaching, they make the process more efficient, engaging and enjoyable for both students and instructors. While the insights of psychologists, neuroscientists and education researchers into the cognitive and affective mechanisms of meaning-making are not new, capitalizing on these insights in order to engage and instruct is part of a recent trend of evidence-based educational practices. This study is unique in that it uses a phenomenological methodology and semi-structured interviews with 19 academic librarians who teach in Canadian higher education institutions to determine what narrative tools or approaches they use, and to what extent these practices may enrich both their outcomes and their teaching praxis. The authors document the variety of ways in which librarians use narrative techniques instinctively, categorizing these teaching narratives into concepts with more granular themes. A purposeful use and reuse of these narrative techniques, the authors hope, will help inform librarian teaching and reflective practice.     

重大工程科技创新合作网络的多元时空演化

重大工程建设具有极高的挑战性，需要开展跨组织科技创新，但目前针对重大工程科技创新合作网络的研究较少。本文以詹天佑奖为背景，采用动态多元网络分析方法，建立重大工程科技创新合作网络，并分析其时空动态演化规律，识别其中关键节点。研究发现，该网络为低密度的小世界网络；并且随着时间变化，少数关键企业逐渐成为网络的关键节点，国有企业成为创新网络的主体，地方性企业则在其中扮演重要的中介角色；在空间特征方面，总部在东中部地区大城市的企业在网络中占据重要位置，区域发展呈现不平衡性。衡量参建企业所在地和工程所在地的地理性一致性指标稳定在0.5左右，即总体而言本地和外地企业具有均等的优势。     

多工况约束下客车质量优化研究

应用单元应变能密度灵敏度和识别要修改单元的无量纲混合测度的概念,研究了多工况约束下的客车质量优化,简化了优化过程,避免了"载荷病态".工程算例表明,该优化方法是有效的.