When Cyberresearch Goes Awry: The Ethics of the Rimm "Cyberporn" Study

Like most things that we take for granted, we rarely pay attention to ethical issues in research until something goes horribly wrong. Focusing on a recent cyberresearch project gone awry, this essay illustrates why ethical issues should be continually confronted and discussed by scholars and nonscholars alike.     

Researching Internet Communities: Proposed Ethical Guidelines for the Reporting of Results

Communication researchers and social scientists are quickly discovering the value of data that exists in the postings of members of Internet e-mail, Usenet, and real-time groups. The ability to communicate with one's peers, no matter how esoteric the interests, is causing an explosion in the number of new virtual communities. The interpersonal dynamics of these groups are increasingly coming under the scrutiny of academic research. The publicly available archived records of Internet virtual communities are being analyzed for a wide variety of research interests. The ability to do naturalistic observations of group dynamics, as they are exhibited in these exchanges of text, has captured the attention of many researchers. The institutional review boards of major universities are granting researchers exempt or expedited (exempt from full review) status for this work, due to the public nature of the notes being analyzed. These studies often involve the lack of informed consent, where the group members under study are unaware they are being monitored. There is a potential for psychological harm to the members of these groups, depending on the way results are reported. This article explores the ethical considerations that must be taken into account to protect cyberspace participants. The guidelines proposed are based on the American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for use of human subjects in research. An explanation is offered as to how such guidelines can best be applied to the study of Internet communities. The constructs of Group Accessibility (the public/private nature of the actual cyberspace occupied by a group) and Perceived Privacy (the level of privacy that group members assume they have) are defined and proposed as two dimensions by which individual Internet communities may be evaluated in order to assure the ethical reporting of research findings.     

Teachers’ critical incidents: Ethical dilemmas in teaching practice

The aim of this study is to explore ethical dilemmas in critical incidents and the emerged responses that these incidents elicit. Most teachers try to suppress these incidences because of the unpleasant feelings they evoke. Fifty teachers participated in the study. A three-stage coding process derived from grounded theory was utilized. A taxonomy of critical incidents by means of the ATLAS.ti 5.0 revealed a multifaceted model of ethical dilemmas, among them clashing with rules, standards, or norms in school, as well as a multitude of derived responses. The results encourage the development of educational programmes based on teachers’ critical incidents.     

孔子体育思想观之管见

一个人的哲学观,决定其思维方式,指导其思想体系。文章从孔子的主要的哲学思想出发来探讨他的体育思想。文章重点分析了孔子体育思想的特点,即“仁和礼”。1 孔子主要的哲学观[1]1.1正名孔子认为,一个社会要想走上轨道且井然有序,首先需要的是“正名”。这就是说,客观存在的种种事物应当与它们的名字的本来含义一致。换言之,每类事物都有一个共同的名字,这个名     

论新闻伦理学视角下媒体人本思想的缺失

新闻伦理学研究大众媒体新闻实践活动的动机、行为及目的的善恶意识问题,提出了新闻职业道德和社会责任的概念,而人本思想就是新闻道德中核心的理念。现代媒体人本思想的缺失,严重影响到新闻从业者的职业道德感和社会责任心,这种丧失新闻伦理的新闻报道使公众接受到的新闻信息产生扭曲,是对公众知情权的践踏。本文以新闻伦理学的角度,研究媒体人本思想缺失在新闻实践中的表现、产生的原因,以及对人文精神的作用加以概括,从中找出人本思想的内涵。     

婺江柱样沉积物的磁学特征及其与重金属污染的相关分析

通过对婺江江心洲伍佰滩柱样沉积物(76cm)进行多项磁学参数和重金属含量的测定,得到磁性物质和重金属的垂直分布情况。运用SPSS软件对所得数据作主成分分析,分析表明磁学指标χARM/SIRM和χfd%与Fe、Al、Pb、Ga、V、Ce、Cr、Ni、Cu等重金属含量有较强的相关关系,反映了细晶粒亚铁磁性矿物对重金属的吸附作用。建立了利用磁学参数χARM/SIRM和χfd%推断污染较严重的几种重金属含量的线性回归模型。本研究表明利用磁学参数来快速推断河流沉积物的重金属污染状况是可行的。     

分布式环保档案信息资源共享系统研究(续)

本文是上期同名文章的续篇,提出了分布式环保档案信息资源共享系统的总体架构、功能体系及部署应用模式。分布式环保档案信息资源共享系统包括后台著录管理和前台共享服务两个子系统,由部署在各级环境保护行政主管部门的节点共同组成,不仅可以实现各单位环保档案信息资源的自治管理,而且通过网络服务互操作,可实现部门间环保档案信息资源的安全交换和分级共享。     

财政环保投资影响清洁发展的实证分析

对清洁发展起促进作用的财政支出主要是指对环境保护的投资,环保投资除了环境效益外,还包括经济效益和社会效益。通过建立环保投资环境效益模型,证明环保投资与环境质量改善二者呈倒U型关系;并通过环保投资对经济增长作用的机理分析和现实关联性分析,证明环保投资与经济增长各指标间不存在显著相关性,但存在短期波动和长期均衡关系。     

封闭式空间中的环保节能技术研究

行业的特殊需求,封闭式空间出现,从而出现空气流通、排放、环境温度等出现一系列的问题,对工作效率、经济投入甚至员工的身体健康方面都有一定的影响。文章从环保节能的角度,在传统建筑格局的背景下思考新的建筑格局,并采用利用新设备、新技术解决问题,达到真正的低能高效。     

基于改进月保证率设定法的青海湖流域河流生态需水研究

本文对月保证率设定法进行改进,不仅考虑了不同保证率年份河流生态需水的差异,而且对不同的生态需水推荐流量等级进行了区分。随后采用改进月保证率设定法研究了青海湖流域的河流生态需水特征,结果表明:布哈河和沙柳河径流量的年际变化幅度较大,但增加或减少趋势不明显,夏季径流量年际波动最为明显,而径流量年内分布均呈单峰变化态型,峰值都出现在7月-8月份;伴随着保证率的降低,河流生态需水量不断增加,而且需水等级越高、增加幅度越大,同时不同保证率年份河流逐月生态需水呈现不同的变化规律;平水年(P=50%)青海湖流域两条主要河流布哈河和沙柳河适宜的生态需水量分别为2.18亿m3、1.36亿m3,枯水年(P=90%)二者分别为1.16亿m3和0.70亿m3。