基于生命周期的国内关联数据研究综述

指出关联数据的概念自2006年被提出后,受到社会各界的广泛关注。依据关联数据的生命周期,从基础知识解析、发布、互联、应用、网络维护以及许可协议6个方面,对我国的关联数据研究进展进行评述。指出图书馆是我国关联数据研究的积极参与者,但国内的研究力量较为薄弱,研究进度和深度相对滞后。     

关联数据在生命科学领域的应用现状

在开放的网络环境下,数字资源的语义互联和语义聚合既是开发利用数字资源的现实需求,也是深化知识组织和知识发现、提升知识服务能力的关键问题。关联数据为这一问题提供了便捷可行的解决方案。简要介绍生命科学领域数据集,从语义搜索、数据挖掘、本体复用、知识构建和资源共享角度梳理了生命科学领域中的关联数据项目,从而发现关联数据在大规模数据资源的组织、数据挖掘和知识发现方面具有明显的优势和潜力,并且关联数据可为生命科学领域提供更强的跨机构合作和数据共享的能力。     

Serum thyroglobulin antibody levels within or near to the reference range may interfere with thyroglobulin measurement

High concentration of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) is a major limiting factor of thyroglobulin measurements in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. We investigated whether thyroglobulin antibody added to serum samples could interfere with the thyroglobulin assay. Thyroglobulin levels in serum samples with different concentrations of thyroglobulin were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay before and after the addition of increasing concentrations of thyroglobulin antibody using the secondary calibrator solution of the thyroglobulin assay kit containing sheep thyroglobulin antibody to reach thyroglobulin antibody levels within or near to the reference range. Thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin antibody concentrations were also measured in 134 serum samples from 27 patients after thyroid ablation. There was a strong negative association (slope = −1.179) between thyroglobulin antibody and thyroglobulin concentrations in samples with added thyroglobulin antibody (beta = −0.86; P < 0.001). Changes in thyroglobulin concentrations were described mathematically as loss of thyroglobulin% = −0.2408 × Ln(thyroglobulin antibody IU/ml) + 0.1944. Thyroglobulin concentrations were significantly lower than those calculated from experiments with added thyroglobulin antibody in 26/134 samples from patients after thyroid ablation. We conclude that if the same TgAb interference exists in the presence of naturally occurring human TgAb, our observation may prove to be useful during follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. However, further studies are needed to explore the clinical relevance of thyroglobulin antibody levels within or near to the reference range in monitoring these patients.     

语义管道技术及其在关联数据中的应用分析

剖析语义管道的理念、技术与实现方式,重点探讨了语义管道在关联数据网络中起到数据集线、疏通、个性化集成定制需求等显著特点,明确语义管道的核心是操作定义,为语义管道在RDF数据集上进行关联集成方法研究与扩展应用提供参考。     

关联数据研究与应用进展

关联数据可以视为语义网的一种实现方式,它通过发布和链接网上的结构化数据使得来自不同领域的数据相互关联,从而促进了万维网的发展。首先介绍了关联数据的概念、发布原则及发布步骤,在此基础上构建了关联数据的层次模型,从基础层、工具层和应用层三个层次对关联数据进行系统深入的研究,最后介绍并分析了关联数据在图书馆和企业中的成功应用,以及关联数据的前景和面临的挑战。     

生物工程在农业资源开发中的应用

生物工程是对未来具有重要影响的高新技术领域之一,广泛应用于化工、食品、医药、农业、环境、材料等行业。本文介绍了生物工程在国内外发展状况及其对人类的重要影响,比较详细地论述了基因工程、细胞工程、发酵工程以及酶工程等生物工程在农业资源开发中的应用。基因工程突破了传统的农业生产模式,利用全新方法培育出具有物种性能的新型作物和牲畜品种,使农业产生一次新的革命;细胞工程不仅通过细胞融合产生优良杂种,而且使工厂化快速育苗成为可能;发酵工程对于生态农业和绿色农业的形成都有重要作用;而酵工程是农副产品精加工、深加工、发展高效益农业不可缺少的技术手段。生物工程在农业资源开发中的广泛应用,可使我国资源得到更合理、更有效、更高层次的开发利用,使我国农业生产达到一个新水平。     

Underestimation of Impaired Kidney Function with Serum Creatinine

Serum creatinine (SCr) levels are frequently used as a screening test to assess impaired renal function; however, patients can have significantly decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with normal SCr values and making the recognition of kidney dysfunction more difficult. Hence, this study was designed to determine the extent of misclassification of the patients who have significantly reduced GFR as calculated by reexpressed four variable modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation but, normal range of SCr. The study included 1040 in and out patients referred by physicians for serum creatinine measurement. When an exclusion criterion was applied 928 patients were qualified for the study. SCr was measured in 928 patients by a Roche kinetic compensated Jaffe’s assay. GFR was calculated using reexpressed four variable MDRD study equation. Of the 928 patients 270 (29.1%) had renal dysfunction on the basis of eGFR (<60 ml/min/1.73 m²). However, with SCr only 162 (17.5%) patients had abnormal renal function (>1.5 mg/dl) and SCr values misrepresented (108) 11.6% patients with impaired kidney function. In addition, more females, about 15% were failed to detect by SCr method in contrast to males of 9%. This study documented that, a large proportion of patients with impaired renal function are not diagnosed if clinicians rely solely on normal SCr as evidence of normal renal function. Inclusion of eGFR calculated by re-expressed 4 variable MDRD equation may facilitates the early identification and intervention of patients with renal impairment.     

荧光法测定脑组织单胺类递质和有关技术问题及其在运动医学中的应用

单胺类递质在大脑许多功能的控制调节中起重要作用,测定不同状态下脑内单胺类递质可了解这类递质在不同状态下脑内的合成、释放和转化,是探索运动性中枢疲劳和有关药物作用机制的重要手段。荧光测定法因其特异性高、操作简单、费用较低等特点,具有广阔的应用前景。但实验中许多值得注意的技术问题和环节影响测定的结果,通过查阅有关文献并结合实验中的影响因素,对其测定的原理、方法和值得注意的有关技术问题及其在医学和生物学中的应用进行梳理和归纳,旨在为应用领域和实验方法学提供理论指导和技术支持。     

利用RAPD分子标记评价仲彬草属的种间关系

利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术分析了14种仲彬草属Kengyilia植物的种间关系。对34个OPRON公司十聚体随机引物进行多态性筛选,20个(58．8％)能产生多态性。14个引物产生的112个DNA片断,用于计算种间Jaccard遗传相似性系数分析,在NTSYS程序中利用UPGMA构建系统发育树状图。分析结果表明：(1)14个Kengyilia物种存在较大的遗传多样性;(2)青藏高原的物种与新疆的物种 的RAPD变异极大;(3)形态相似、地理分布一致的物种有一定的亲缘关系,聚类在一起;(4)RAPD结果与形态学和细胞学等分析结果一致。RAPD分析方法将为Kengyilia系统分类提供DNA水平上丰富的资料。     

中文叙词表的语义化转换

[目的/意义]随着语义网与关联数据的兴起与发展,采用SKOS语言对叙词表进行语义化描述成为主流,这为叙词表在网络上的发布、共享以及在网络环境下的应用提供新的契机。[方法/过程]以《汉语主题词表》为例,对中文叙词表的语义化表示、验证和关联数据发布进行探索。首先,制定基于SKOS、SKOS-XL和SKOS扩展的叙词表语义化表示方案, 实现对叙词表的无损语义描述, 开发基于N-Triples格式的词表语义化转换程序, 使大规模词表的语义化转换更加简单高效;其次,采用新兴的SPIN框架对语义化词表的完整性进行验证, 为SKOS词表的正确性与合法性提供保证;最后,采用“Jena TDB+Fuseki+Pubby”的组合将SKOS/RDF词表数据在网络上发布为关联数据,并开发词表关联数据检索界面。[结果/结论]实验结果表明,采用本文的方法能够实现整个《汉语主题词表》的高效语义化转换、验证与发布,促进中文叙词表在网络上的共享与应用。