Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy: Initial case report

Nephroureterectomy with removal of a bladder cuff was performed successfully on a 47-year-old man for transitional cell carcinoma of the right renal pelvis using hand-assisted laparoscopy. The results showed that hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy is an efficacious alternative to open surgery and provides the urologist new to laparoscopy a shorter learning curve compared with standard laparoscopy.     

腹腔镜下早期卵巢癌全面分期手术40例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下早期卵巢癌全面分期手术的手术方法,评估其安全性、可行性和临床效果。方法对40例腹腔镜下早期卵巢癌全面分期手术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果所有病例均在腹腔镜下完成全面分期手术,平均手术时间182 min,术中平均出血量172 mL,平均切除盆腔淋巴结及腹主动脉旁淋巴结15.3个,术后平均肛门排气时间2.5 d,近期观察无严重手术并发症。结论腹腔镜下进行早期卵巢癌全面分期手术具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快、并发症少、术后病率低、住院时间短、临床效果好,方法可行。     

Uncertainty and previvors’ cancer risk management: understanding the decision-making process

Women who test positive for a BRCA genetic mutation, but who have not been diagnosed, or 'previvors,' experience intense, chronological risk-related uncertainty. Women’s risk management medical decisions can be a way to manage their uncertainty, but little is known about how uncertainty informs their decision or how uncertainty is impacted by these medical decisions. Using an uncertainty management theoretical lens, we interviewed 46 previvors about their decision-making process. A thematic analysis revealed two uncertainty management (i.e., risk-reducing) decision-making pathways (preventive surgery and increased surveillance) with each pathway encompassing a three-part process of 1) uncertainty appraisal, 2) medical decision (i.e., uncertainty management strategy), and 3) outcomes. The findings advance theoretical thinking about uncertainty and risk management as an ongoing, distressful chronic experience, and highlight the importance of life-span phenomena in women’s decision-making process. Based on the findings, we constructed a translational tool to aid genetic counselors and previvors facing these medical decisions.     

止血法对腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剔除术后卵巢储备功能的影响

目的：探讨不同止血方法对腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剔除术后年轻患者卵巢储备功能的影响。方法：将2009年12月至2011年12月因单侧良性卵巢囊肿且年龄≤35岁的住院患者83例随机分为缝合组与电凝组．两组分别于术前、术后,1、6个月后第一次月经的第2-5天检测血清雌二醇（E：）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）及黄体生成素（LH）水平;阴道彩超检测窦卵泡数（AFC）和卵巢间质动脉血流的收缩期峰值（PSV）;以两者结合判定卵巢储备功能。结果：术前激素水平两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后1、6个月E2、FSH水平与术前比较,缝合组无差异（P〉0．05）、电凝组有差异（P〈0．05）、两组间比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,LH水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后1、6个月AFC、PSV水平差异与术前比较,缝合组组内、组间均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,电凝组组内、组间均有统计学意义;术后共发生卵巢储备功能下降者缝合组10．8％,电凝组15.2％。结论：腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剔除术两种止血方法对卵巢储备功能均有影响,电凝止血法较单纯缝合止血法所致卵巢储备功能下降更加明显。     

Urinary Tumor Markers Could Predict Survival in Bladder Carcinoma

The early diagnosis of bladder cancer is important for effective treatment of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP 22), soluble epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), cathepthin-D and total protein with clinico-pathological features of bladder cancer, and to determine the relation between each marker and tumor progression after treatment. The study includes 65 patients with bladder cancer, 14 benign urinary diseases and 11 healthy volunteers. Patients were categorized according to bilharzial infestation, T stage, tumor grade, size and the presence of lymph node metastasis. Forty patients were followed for disease progression after surgery. There was a significant increase of NMP22, E-cadherin, cathepthin-D and total protein detected in cancer group compared to healthy and benign groups. It was found that NMP 22 and E-cadherin had highest sensitivity (84.4, 76.9 %, respectively) while, total ddedprotein showed highest specificity (77.4 %). Tumor size correlated with urinary NMP22 (r = 0.3, p = 0.02), although, E-cadherin, cathepsin-D and total protein correlated with tumor size (r = 0.3, 0.28, 0.2; p = 0.01, p = 0.01, 0.04, respectively) and lymph node metastasis (r = 0.32, 0.34, 0.2; p = 0.003, 0.005, 0.04, respectively). Elevated pretreatment urinary NMP22, E-cadherin and total protein levels was associated significantly with bladder cancer recurrence (p = 0.02, 0.001, 0.005, respectively). In conclusion, determination of urinary NMP22, E-cadherin and total protein in bladder cancer patients or persons at risk of developing bladder cancer will help in early detection of the disease and prediction of recurrence. The use of a combination of tumor markers is markedly useful than the assessment of single one.     

Case Report: Liquid-based cytology aids in primary fallopian tube cancer diagnosis

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is a rare malignant carcinoma among all genital tract malignancies. It occurs most commonly in postmenopausal women and is similar to ovarian malignancy historically and clinically. Because of its insidious onset and silent course, the diagnosis is made usually postoperatively. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a type of method for cervical cancer screening, but sometimes it may aid in making PFTC diagnosis. We report a 47-year-old woman with PFTC, whose diagnosis was made with the aid of LBC.     

杜仲叶提取物对女运动员骨组织保健的机理研究

探讨杜仲提取物对女运动员骨组织保护的作用机制。方法：用未成年雌性大鼠,PMSG处理,48h后处死,取其卵巢,收集颗粒细胞,用MTT法测定颗粒细胞的增殖,用酶联免疫法测定雌激素的含量,观察了杜仲提取物对颗粒细胞增殖和分泌激素的影响。结果：杜仲提取物可增加颗粒细胞的增殖和雌二醇的生成量,呈剂量依赖性关系。结论：杜仲提取物对女运动员骨组织保护的机理与其促进颗粒细胞雌二醇的生成有关。     

Detection of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Worldwide there has been a significant increase in the incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) etiologically attributed to oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). Reliable and accurate identification and detection tools are important as the incidence of HPV-related cancer is on the rise. Several HPV detection methods for OPSCC have been developed and each has its own advantages and disadvantages in regard to sensitivity, specificity, and technical difficulty. This review summarizes our current knowledge of molecular methods for detecting HPV in OPSCC, including HPV DNA/RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC), and DNA/RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) assays. This summary may facilitate the selection of a suitable method for detecting HPV infection, and therefore may help in the early diagnosis of HPV-related carcinoma to reduce its mortality, incidence, and morbidity.     

宫颈鳞癌中耐药标志物HSP27和MT的表达及意义

目的:探讨子宫颈癌变过程中,耐药标志物热休克蛋白27(heat shock protein 27,HSP27)和金属硫蛋白(metallothionein MT)的表达特点,为指导子宫颈癌患者化疗方案制定和提示预后积累资料.方法:集子宫颈切除及活检标本118例,其中有正常宫颈组织13例;子宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)25例;子宫颈鳞状细胞癌80例.在鳞癌组中高分化鳞癌13例、中分化鳞癌53例、低分化鳞癌14例.以S-P免疫组织化学方法,显示HSP27和MT的表达水平.结果:染色显示细胞核或细胞浆被染呈大小不一,深浅不等的棕黄色颗粒.HSP27在正常宫颈上皮、CIN和宫颈鳞癌中阳性率分别为7.69%、24.00%和46.25%,三组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).在正常宫颈中MT阳性率为7.69%(1/13),CIN中阳性率为28.00%(7/25),在宫颈鳞癌中阳性率为56.25%(45/80),三者间有显著性差异(P＜0.01).HSP27和MT的阳性表达率在不同分化程度的宫颈鳞癌间无显著差异.结论:HSP27和MT在正常宫颈、宫颈上皮内瘤变、宫颈鳞癌的阳性表达率逐渐升高(P＜0.01).HSP27和MT的过度表达可分别或联合作为临床上早期诊断宫颈癌或判断CIN预后的参考指标.