学术期刊更正文献的特征分析

【目的】学术期刊更正是学术界自我纠错的重要方式,其产生的更正文献包含大量的纠错信息,具有重要的研究价值。对更正文献的分布特点与规律予以分析和揭示,以期加强科研工作者对更正文献的了解和利用,完善学术期刊对论文更正的规范与管理,从而加强学术界与期刊界对更正行为本身以及更正文献的关注,并为后续的相关研究提供借鉴与参考。【方法】选取Web of Science核心合集数据库中近十年的更正文献记录,从年度分布、国家分布、学科分布、期刊分布四个角度对更正文献进行文献计量学分析。 【结果】分析发现,近十年来,更正文献的总量逐年攀升,进入高速增长阶段。在国家分布上,更正文献广泛分布在全球184个国家和地区,且高度集中在科研实力较为发达的国家;就其学科分布而言,更正文献具有显著的分散性特点,几乎涵盖了全部的学科;在期刊分布上,更正文献广泛分布在9000余种期刊,且集中分布于高质量优秀期刊。【结论】更正文献是科学研究中不容忽视的文献类型之一,学术期刊应从更正文献的发布、传播与引用三个角度予以规范;此外,各领域专家学者应积极参与,发挥其群体智慧;同时,应采用开放评审,提升论文质量,完善期刊建设,促进学术信息交流的健康有序发展。     

试错理念在模拟法庭教学中的运用

为了培养和提高学生的法律实践能力,目前各法学院系相继开设了模拟法庭课程,但实际效果并不好,学生只是熟悉了诉讼流程,却不具备独立处理实际案件的能力,这是教学理念上的问题。模拟法庭课程不能仅依靠赋予式教学理念来培养学生的实践能力,引入试错式教学理念,有目的让学生具备灵活处理实际案件的能力。     

语料库偏误研究现状及新疆少数民族习得汉语语料库偏误分析研究的价值

通过对语料库偏误研究现状的描述及对新疆少数民族习得汉语语料库中偏误现象的分析研究,发现语料库中偏误现象的普遍性,阐明了偏误研究的价值：从理论上说,可以发现学习者语言习得的规律并深化我们对偏误的认识;从实践上说,可以帮助我们预测和避免偏误,提出相应的教学对策,指导教学。     

基于间接电流控制方案的单／三相功率因数校正开关变流器研究

在大多数工业运用场合,三相整流电路由不可控二极管或相控晶闸管组成。这种变换器具有功率因数低、输入电流谐波成分高等缺点。利用功率因数校正（PFC）技术可以解决这些问题。论文对最常用的单、三相开关功率因数PFC进行了深入的研究。利用功率平衡和相量图,建立了三相电压型高功率因数整流器的静态数学模型,深入研究了系统参数与功率因数之间的稳态关系。在分析系统静态模型和稳态关系的基础上提出一种间接电流控制（PAC）方案,该方案与传统方案相比,并不检测输入电源电压,因而能减少硬件和降低成本。     

Positive error climate promotes learning outcomes through students’ adaptive reactions towards errors

Errors are an integral part of the learning process and an opportunity to increase skills and knowledge, but they are often discouraged, sanctioned and derided in the classroom. This study tests whether students' perceptions of being part of an error-friendly classroom context (i.e., a positive classroom error climate) is positively related to students' learning outcomes via students' adaptive reactions towards errors. A total of 563 Italian middle school students from 32 mathematics classes completed a questionnaire on their perceptions of classroom error climate and their reactions towards errors. Students' math grades were used as indicators of their level of learning outcomes. A multilevel model showed that perceived classroom error climate was positively related to math grades via increased adaptive reactions towards errors. Our findings revealed that an error-friendly classroom context is associated with students’ adaptive adjustment to errors and to better learning outcomes in mathematics.     

Investigation of the determinants for misinformation correction effectiveness on social media during COVID-19 pandemic

The rapid dissemination of misinformation in social media during the COVID-19 pandemic triggers panic and threatens the pandemic preparedness and control. Correction is a crucial countermeasure to debunk misperceptions. However, the effective mechanism of correction on social media is not fully verified. Previous works focus on psychological theories and experimental studies, while the applicability of conclusions to the actual social media is unclear. This study explores determinants governing the effectiveness of misinformation corrections on social media with a combination of a data-driven approach and related theories on psychology and communication. Specifically, referring to the Backfire Effect, Source Credibility, and Audience’s role in dissemination theories, we propose five hypotheses containing seven potential factors (regarding correction content and publishers’ influence), e.g., the proportion of original misinformation and warnings of misinformation. Then, we obtain 1487 significant COVID-19 related corrections on Microblog between January 1st, 2020 and April 30th, 2020, and conduct annotations, which characterize each piece of correction based on the aforementioned factors. We demonstrate several promising conclusions through a comprehensive analysis of the dataset. For example, mentioning excessive original misinformation in corrections would not undermine people’s believability within a short period after reading; warnings of misinformation in a demanding tone make correction worse; determinants of correction effectiveness vary among different topics of misinformation. Finally, we build a regression model to predict correction effectiveness. These results provide practical suggestions on misinformation correction on social media, and a tool to guide practitioners to revise corrections before publishing, leading to ideal efficacies.     

大学英语写作中的常见错误分析与对策

本文对大学生英语写作中的常见错误进行了分析,找出了错误存在的原因,并针对大学生的英语写作现状提出了一些对策。     

敦煌写本碑刻文书证误

敦煌写本碑刻文书是研究晚唐至宋初中国西北地区社会生活的重要文献资料。文章以前人释本为基础,参核缩微胶片及相关文献材料,就该类文书中部分尚存异议的字词予以补正,以供研究者参考。     

Identification of Pre-examination Errors in the Chemical Pathology Laboratory at the University Hospital of the West Indies

This study evaluated the types and frequencies of pre-examination errors recorded in the chemical pathology laboratory at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica. This was a retrospective analysis of errors recorded over a three year period. Data analysis was done on an average of 519,084 samples collected and tested per year. Samples included blood, urine, stool and other fluids. Pre-examination errors were identified and recorded following visual inspection of the samples and corresponding request forms by laboratory staff, then subsequently by the Senior Medical Technologist. Errors were generally classified as inappropriate sample (58 %), inappropriate form (23.4 %), inappropriate sample volume (9.3 %) and inappropriate sample tube (9.3 %). Over 90 % of recorded pre-examination errors were related to blood samples while urine samples accounted for 6.8 % error. Pre-examination errors were lower at this study location than elsewhere. Measures aimed at reducing instances of these errors are recommended for improved laboratory quality output.     

新型全自动高精度轴类零件尺寸误差测定装置

随着我国进入现代工业化发展阶段,无论是机械加工、汽车制造、冶金等重工业领域,或是纺织、电子、化工等轻工业领域,轴类零件无处不用,不管是在设备、工具、原料还是产品中都起着至关重要的作用。因此,各方对轴类零件的品质精度要求不断的提高,对于精度的检测也提出了更高的要求。本文提出并实现了一种新型的全自动轴类零件高精度尺寸误差测量系统,通过研制机电一体化的测量装置,编写配套程序,实现了对高速精确定位的测量点进行测定,并将结果通记录和显示的全自动测量装置。目前该装置已应用于打印机零件现场检测工序,并可测量多材质、表面复杂涂装、透明体等物件,应用前景非常广泛。