欧美医学图书馆资源建设的发展及其对我国的启示

本文通过追踪研究欧洲及美国大学医学图书馆科技文献的资源建设10年来的发展,以资对我国医学图书馆的建设有所借鉴,并结合我国大学医学图书馆的建设发展和应用实际,提出和探讨了对我国医学图书馆资源建设和发展的参考性建议。     

欧洲发达城市举办国际体育赛事的实践对上海的启示

运用城市营销理论，通过实地考察和资料分析，总结、归纳欧洲发达城市举办国际体育赛事的现状特征。认为，对照国际经验，以及建设一流体育中心城市目标，上海在举办重大赛事方面，如体育赛事规模与等级、市场运作等还存在差距。为了使定期举办国际体育大赛成为上海市经济发展、体育产业的重要组成部分，建议在2020年前，上海应举办一次，乃至若干次国际最高等级体育赛事。     

Microanalytical identification of Pb-Sb-Sn yellow pigment in historical European paintings and its differentiation from lead tin and Naples yellows

The work is focused on identification of lead tin yellow types I and II, Naples yellow, and also on discrimination of a less common, distinct yellow pigment, the ternary Pb-Sb-Sn oxide.The knowledge about all those Pb-based yellows was in fact forgotten after introduction of modern synthetic yellows in 19th century. As late as in the last decade of the 20th century, the existence of Pb-Sb-Sn yellow and its production have been rediscovered, and only then it has been identified in colour layer of artworks.Pb-Sb-Sn yellow has recently been identified in colour layer of 17th century Italian paintings by Sandalinas and Ruiz-Moreno [C. Sandalinas, S. Ruiz-Moreno, Lead tin-antimony yellow, historical manufacture, molecular characterization and identification in seventeenth-century Italian paintings, Stud. Conserv. 49 (2003) 41–52], and here we report the finding of this pigment in Mid-European painting of the 18th and 19th centuries. Lead tin yellows, lead antimony yellow (Naples yellow), and lead antimony tin yellow were synthesized in laboratory following historical recipes, their colour was analyzed, and their structure was confirmed to provide a basis for their routine identification in microsamples of artworks by X-ray microdiffraction. Unequivocal identification of Pb-based yellows could help in authentication of traditional European paintings, because their use was temporally and also geographically specific. Combination of elemental microanalysis (X-ray fluorescence electron microanalysis) and X-ray powder microdiffraction were found very efficient in the microanalysis of colour layers of artworks with Pb-based yellows and their unequivocal identification.     

中西戏剧成因比较论

中国戏剧和以古希腊为代表的西方戏剧在形成过程中有着鲜明的差异和特征。从艺术演化史角度看,中国戏剧没有开从原始歌舞演化为戏剧的路子,而古希腊戏剧却从酒神祭祀的原始歌舞中破腹而出。从文艺生态学角度看,中国古代文学缺乏叙事文学基质,延宕了戏剧艺术的孕育;而肥沃丰厚的叙事文学土壤,却滋养了古希腊戏剧奇葩。中国的非宗教文化传统,难使巫觋歌舞最终戏剧化;古希腊人的宗教激情却使娱神歌舞演进为娱人戏剧。王化政治、农业社会,抑制了中国戏剧早发;民主政治、商业文化却催生了古希腊戏剧。     

第四十三届世乒赛中国及欧洲优秀男双选手技术分析

运用乒乓球比赛中分段指标评估法，对第四十三届世乒赛中国及欧洲优秀男双选手的技战术运用情况进行分析，认为发抢段和接发抢段技术仍是男双取胜的主要因素：１）通过发球、发抢、接发抢得分；２）通过前三板为相持的主动创造更多机会；在发抢段、接发抢段和相持段中合理地运用了“变化”。     

中超和欧洲五大联赛本国球员和外籍球员的身体形态特征比较研究

运用文献资料调研和数理统计等方法,对中超和五大联赛本国球员和外籍球员的年龄、身高、体重和克托莱指数进行比较分析。结论:在各国联赛球员中,中超本国球员的平均体重和克托莱指数排名末尾,身体对抗方面存在一定劣势。中超注重引入具有明显身体形态优势的外籍球员,但其年龄明显过高。各国联赛均倾向于选择体重和克托莱指数较大的外籍球员,表明体重和克托莱指数对联赛成绩存在一定影响。中超外籍球员比例过低,且各位置球员引进比例不合理,不利于各位置球员的均衡发展。建议中超参考五大联赛外籍球员的年龄和身体形态数据,根据自身实际情况,调整引进球员的标准、比例和结构;同时改进体能训练方式,解决本国球员体重和克托莱指数偏低的问题。     

欧盟高等教育的自我救赎

欧盟于2014年1月1日以147亿欧元预算启动“伊拉斯谟加强版”,力图在2020年前打造教育国际化标杆并实现欧盟高等教育全球战略。通过塑造一代又一代“伊拉斯谟学子”,欧盟意在赢取未来。当下,欧盟深陷经济与信任双重危机无法自拔,被寄寓厚望的欧盟教育也失守宗庙,表现为三大缺失,即青春梦想的缺失、标杆效应的缺失和全球视野的缺失。由此,欧盟高等教育全球战略的实质与意图昭然若揭———危机时代的自我救赎与全球时代的人才争夺。在实质与意图的张力之间,欧盟高等教育的身份认同深陷双重二律背反,即融合与差异、中心与边缘。三条原则可供欧盟高等教育实现自我救赎：以本土高等教育质量为核心,以培育全球公民为目标,以国家文化软实力为基础。     

A Strategy for the Management,Preservation, and Reutilization of Geographical Information Based on the Lifecycle of Geospatial Data: An Assessment and a Proposal Based on Experiences from Spain and Europe

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the fact that the proper management of information has to include concern for its preservation and future re-use. This ambition is particularly significant for geospatial data. The primary aim of this article is to define the European and Spanish frameworks for the preservation and reutilization of geographical information, with the ultimate goal of proposing an articulated, lifecycle-based data management model. With this, the intent is to shed some light on a complex, difficult and ever-evolving subject.

The article is divided into two main parts. The first part begins with a conceptual justification for geospatial data management and continues by synthesizing the current normative and technological framework for the preservation and reutilization of geographical information. Within this context, the implementation of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) in Spain is evaluated. The second part begins with a case study from Spain that aims to identify different agents and flows that influence the lifecycle of geographical data, as well as the strengths and weaknesses found in each stage of the process under examination. Finally, the foregoing ideas are used in order to propose a SDI-related system for the management of geographical information.     

欧洲语言教师教育纲要述评与启示

《欧洲语言教师教育纲要》是关于21世纪欧盟国家外语教师(初任和在职)教育的一个纲领性文件。该文件主要涉及外语教师教育的构成和组织,外语教学的核心——对于教学的认知,外语教学策略和技能,以及语言教学过程中鼓励和倡导多种价值观四个方面。其出台不仅为欧洲语言教师教育提供了具体发展方向和依据,也能为我国外语教师教育政策制定提供重要借鉴。     

欧洲学习型城市质量分析框架初探

欧洲学习型城市质量分析框架是在欧洲终身学习计划的基础上形成的,旨在帮助学习型城市建设者更好地呈现取得的成果以及更加深入的分析其所面临的挑战。通过呈现所取城市附加值为其吸引更多的利益相关者,从而促进终身学习文化的营造。对此加以学习和借鉴,对我国学习型城市建设具有重要的理论和实践意义。