A Strategy for the Management,Preservation, and Reutilization of Geographical Information Based on the Lifecycle of Geospatial Data: An Assessment and a Proposal Based on Experiences from Spain and Europe

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the fact that the proper management of information has to include concern for its preservation and future re-use. This ambition is particularly significant for geospatial data. The primary aim of this article is to define the European and Spanish frameworks for the preservation and reutilization of geographical information, with the ultimate goal of proposing an articulated, lifecycle-based data management model. With this, the intent is to shed some light on a complex, difficult and ever-evolving subject.

The article is divided into two main parts. The first part begins with a conceptual justification for geospatial data management and continues by synthesizing the current normative and technological framework for the preservation and reutilization of geographical information. Within this context, the implementation of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) in Spain is evaluated. The second part begins with a case study from Spain that aims to identify different agents and flows that influence the lifecycle of geographical data, as well as the strengths and weaknesses found in each stage of the process under examination. Finally, the foregoing ideas are used in order to propose a SDI-related system for the management of geographical information.     

欧洲语言教师教育纲要述评与启示

《欧洲语言教师教育纲要》是关于21世纪欧盟国家外语教师(初任和在职)教育的一个纲领性文件。该文件主要涉及外语教师教育的构成和组织,外语教学的核心——对于教学的认知,外语教学策略和技能,以及语言教学过程中鼓励和倡导多种价值观四个方面。其出台不仅为欧洲语言教师教育提供了具体发展方向和依据,也能为我国外语教师教育政策制定提供重要借鉴。     

欧洲学习型城市质量分析框架初探

欧洲学习型城市质量分析框架是在欧洲终身学习计划的基础上形成的,旨在帮助学习型城市建设者更好地呈现取得的成果以及更加深入的分析其所面临的挑战。通过呈现所取城市附加值为其吸引更多的利益相关者,从而促进终身学习文化的营造。对此加以学习和借鉴,对我国学习型城市建设具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

博洛尼亚进程后欧洲工程教育专业认证的发展研究——以欧洲工程教育认证网络为例

博洛尼亚进程对欧洲高等工程教育专业认证产生了重要的影响,本文以欧洲工程教育认证网络(ENAEE)及欧洲工程教育专业认证(EUR-ACE?)体系的出现和发展为切入点,分析了其历史、背景、组织结构、认证标准,及其与欧洲各国工程教育专业认证之间的关系,并将EUR-ACE?认证体系与华盛顿协议进行了比较,发现EUR-ACE?体系在欧洲层面建立起了一种分散式的第一阶段和第二阶段统一的认证体系。EUR-ACE?体系既强调灵活性和兼容性,又努力保证各国的多样性。     

简析二战以后英国传统政治文化对英国与欧洲一体化关系的影响

二战结束以后,英国虽然对外交政策进行了调整,以适应二战后世界政治关系、环境的变化,但是传统的政治文化仍然左右着英国的外交政策,这对战后英国与欧洲一体化组织的关系产生了深远影响。本文根据收集到的资料,详细论述了英国传统政治文化对二战后英国与欧洲一体化关系的影响,指出正是传统的政治文化下诞生了"三环外交"政策,使英国两大政党在执政期间,在战后初期外交政策上都选择了超然主义原则或孤立主义原则,研究这一看课题希望能够对我国处理区域政治经济一体化问题上提供有益的借鉴。     

Keeping things different: coexistence within European markets for cleantech and biofuels

Environmental policy increasingly resorts to market-based instruments in order to meet sustainability objectives. The ‘carbon market’ instituted by the European Emissions Trading directive from 2003 is a canonical example, which has been described, and critiqued, as a delegation of policy objectives to market exchanges. In this paper, we examine the complex ways in which the operationalization of policy objectives and the organization of markets are intertwined, focusing on two other examples of European environmental regulation. The first one is the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control directive from 1996, which defined the ‘best available techniques’ to curb emissions in air, water and soil. The second one is the Renewable Energy Directive from 2009, which introduced criteria for the definition of the sustainability of biofuels. Through the analysis of the design and implementation of these two directives, we identify a central concern for the coexistence of various objects, and various initiatives undertaken by European institutions, member states and private actors. We use the notion of coexistence to describe a European political and economic ordering that is inherently hybrid, and cannot be reduced to a mere delegation of policy objectives to the market, or a legal constraint imposed on all European actors. It grounds its political legitimacy and economic rationality on the distribution of roles and responsibilities across public and private actors, and on the ability to ‘keep things different’ according to local variabilities.     

欧洲大学史的研究史

通过对欧洲大学史研究相关成果的梳理,本文把欧洲大学史的研究史划分为萌芽和起步、初步发展和专门的学科领域三个阶段。三个阶段的特征分别为:描述记录式研究、理性批判式研究和多维阐释性研究。我们应该借鉴欧洲大学史的研究,加强我国大学和高等教育等方面的相关史料建设,广泛吸取各学科史、专门史的研究者从多个角度对我国大学史和高等教育史进行研究。     

A real options perspective on R&D portfolio diversification

This paper shows that the conditionality of investment decisions in R&D has a critical impact on portfolio risk, and implies that traditional diversification strategies should be reevaluated when a portfolio is constructed. Real option theory argues that research projects have conditional or option-like risk and return properties, and are different from unconditional projects. Although the risk of a portfolio always depends on the correlation between projects, a portfolio of conditional R&D projects with real option characteristics has a fundamentally different risk than a portfolio of unconditional projects. When conditional R&D projects are negatively correlated, diversification only slightly reduces portfolio risk. When projects are positively correlated, however, diversification proves more effective than conventional tools predict.     

对2011男篮欧锦赛和2011男篮亚锦赛的比较研究

在刚刚结束的武汉亚锦赛上,中国队如愿以偿的夺得了冠军,并取得了一张伦敦奥运会入场卷.但在本届的比赛中,中国队整体并没有展现出明显的优势,在数据的对比中更是完败给伊朗队,在胜利的背后隐藏着许多不足.本文试根据球员资料和临场技术统计,结合录象观察,对本届欧锦赛与亚锦赛进行对比研究,对欧洲和亚洲篮球的主要特征和特点作相应探讨,并指出世界篮球发展趋势.希望对中国队有所参考和借鉴,以使其在伦敦奥运会中取得理想的成绩.     

论孙中山对欧美民主政治学说的吸收和改造

孙中山的民权主义是在吸收借鉴近代欧美资产阶级民主政治学说的基础上,结合近代中国国情和中国民主革命实践的需要,对其加以改造而形成的独具特色的中国化的资产阶级民主政治学说。研究分析欧美民主政治学说对孙中山民权主义的影响以及孙中山对欧美民主政治学说的吸收和改造,对我们深刻认识民权主义的实质及其学术价值是很有意义的。