欧盟东扩的原因探微

20世纪80～90年代,东欧剧变,苏联解体,冷战大幕徐徐落下,世界格局也随之发生巨大变化.作为世界发达地区的欧洲表现尤为突出.德国统一,东西欧力量更趋失衡,中东欧国家为了摆脱苏联的政治、经济和军事控制,纷纷提出"回归欧洲"的口号.这是经济发展与政治独立的必然,亦是中东欧国家的历史和文化特征使然.叙述欧盟东扩的演进过程,重点分析欧盟东扩的原因,并就欧盟的动态发展给予前瞻性的预测.     

基于摆动期权合约的备用容量辅助服务风险回避研究

电力工业正在进行打破垄断、鼓励竞争的市场化改革,在这个过程中,市场参与者将获得不少的机会,同时它们也将面临大量的风险,一个关键的问题是它们如何来管理这些新的风险。备用容量辅助服务对整个系统的可靠性起到保证作用。但是,在市场环境下的备用容量价格呈现出比传统条件下更为复杂的变化形式,独立系统运营商（Independent System Operator,简称ISO）在购买备用时将面临更大的风险。这种情况不仅会影响到电力市场的运营稳定性,而且将危及电力系统的运行安全性和稳定性。文章通过引入具有很大灵活性的摆动期权合约,设计了一种针对备用容量辅助服务的风险回避模型,使ISO能够及时地对备用容量现货市场价格的变化做出反应,有效地回避购买备用容量辅助服务的风险。     

Entering the European Information Society: Four Rural Development Projects

This article compares four European information and communication technologies (ICT) development projects spawned by national and EU initiatives to create the “European information society.” These projects, which sought to support learning and better use of ICT, were all the result of opportunities opened up by political initiatives. The analysis indicates that the main problems that afflict these projects stem from varied expectations and interests of the major actors. These problems can be mitigated considerably if a feeling of ownership is generated among the participants. This sense of belonging, however, is difficult to foster in a “top-down” project. Hence there is a need for a better balance between the “top-down” and “bottom-up” influences in the development of such projects.     

试析欧盟东扩对欧洲防务一体化的负面影响

欧盟的东扩给欧洲所力主推行的防务一体化带来了一系列负面影响,新成员的加入带来了新的问题,同时加剧了欧盟内部在防务一体化上原本存在的问题如防务目标相异、实力与目标不相称、防务能力的结构性缺陷、受美国影响加深,这些问题是欧洲防务一体化所无法回避的,它们的解决有赖于扩大后的欧盟的整合。     

中国金融控股公司发展及路径选择

金融混业的浪潮席卷全球,我国全面放开的金融业也必然受此影响,受分业经营的限制,我国金融业在面对跨国金融巨头的全面竞争时,无法为客户提供全方位的服务,因此,拓展金融综合经营,发展我国的金融控股公司以及选择正确的路径是十分必要的.     

18世纪英国“大陆游学”初探

18世纪,英国上流社会出现一股赴欧洲大陆游历学习的热潮。这一现象有其深刻的社会历史根源,对英国的历史发展产生了广泛、深远的影响。它是近代早期英国社会发展的一个重要内容,也是世界历史整体发展的一个重要内容。本文在理清基本事实的基础上,对其原因和意义进行了重点探讨。     

Erasmus Thematic Networks and the European dimension of Engineering Education

Some of the most important challenges for engineering schools at the beginning of the 21st century are summarised as well as the role of ERASMUS Thematic Networks (TN) in this scenario.

Though focus is mainly given to the European environment, the changes which are interesting Engineering Education appear to involve also the non-European sphere and therefore, this set of papers on the main outcomes of E4 Thematic Network (2000–2004) has been conceived, not only as an useful instrument of dissemination, but also an open window on Europe.

In this introductory paper key characteristics of successful TNs are outlined, as resulting from the experience of TN E4, Enhancing Engineering Education in Europe, which has terminated its life end of September 2004. The new TN project, denominated TREE, for Teaching and Research in Engineering in Europe, is briefly presented.

On the other hand, in the following 5 sections some of the main activities developed within E4 are presented touching topics related to accreditation, quality assurance, students involvement in Engineering Education, ICT and new learning methods and curriculum development.     

欧洲文化特征刍议

对欧洲文化特征的认识是20世纪以来中国学术界一项重要的、不断被重复的研究课题。欧洲的文化特征既常由他人，例如中国学者来想象，也由欧洲的自我文化认同所规范。欧洲的自我文化认同是在与东方和亚洲相比较和区别中逐渐形成的；而中国学者对欧洲文化的认知受到西方学者长期垄断的“欧洲学”所造成的“理解的前结构”的影响，同时也受到研究者所处的相对位置和社会时代背景的制约。本文从历史传统和文学艺术的角度，对欧洲的文化特征进行简略的诠释。     

Teaching databases in compliance with the European dimension of higher education: Best practices for better competences

The Convergence process in which European Union (EU) universities are at present involved supposes that these institutions not only have to re-structure their degree programmes, but also their teaching and learning methodologies. We study the impact of this EU process on Database teaching, comparing the practices of three different European universities and using the Convergence goals as criteria. In our discussion, we identify which aspects in each university are closer to the Convergence goals, and which are likely to help in achieving these goals.     

试析19世纪末20世纪初中国学校美术教育

中国传统美术一直是以私相授受为主要的传承方式，且流派繁多，风格明显。19世纪末20世纪初，随着两学东渐，欧洲美术教育模式亦传入中国，为中国美术教育开辟了新纪元。美术课程首先进入中小学课堂，美术师资的匮乏使师范美术教育的开始成为必然，而学校专业美术教育的正是在这两的基础上发展起来的。本就19世纪末20世纪初中国美术教育初期的发展脉络进行了梳理与简要分析。