企业异质性、研发投入与创新绩效——基于GPS的实证研究

选取2010-2019年中国沪深A股上市公司为样本,结合广义倾向得分匹配法(GPS)考察企业研发投入与创新绩效的关系.研究显示,研发投入与创新绩效具有先促进、后抑制、再促进的"N"型关系特征;研发投入的创新促进效应随时间推移逐渐得以释放.异质性研究表明,企业人力资本水平、资产规模、所属行业和所有权性质对研发投入与创新绩效的关系及最适区间有差异化影响.     

新疆医学领域科研绩效评估及其发展趋势—— 基于InCites 数据库和专利分析

对新疆医学领域的科研绩效及其发展趋势进行定量分析,从而对新疆医学领域的发展趋势提供数据支持。方法：以InCites 数据库和专利服务系统为数据来源,根据数据形成一系列的图标信息。结果：首先,新疆医学领域科研论文产出量为1859 篇,其中2010 的增长幅度较大,增长率为96.83%,心血管系统和心脏学发文量排名第一,发文量为327 篇,依次为研究与实验医学、肿瘤学、药理学和药剂学、周围血管疾病等,而热带医学虽然发文量排名第10,但引文影响力最高,为7.00,接近于全球水平;其次,专利申请量为1826,其中实用新型专利的增长率相对较快,申请人以中新疆医科大学的最多,申请专利的技术领域以医用、牙科用或梳妆用的配制品类和诊断、外科为主。结论：新疆医学领域的总体科研产出量呈上升趋势,在进一步的科研工作中需要提高论文产出的质量,在合理应用资助机构所资助的基金的同时鼓励热带医学等具有发展潜力的学科提高论文产出量,并重视所申请专利的有效率,从而进一步加快新疆医学领域科研能力的提高。     

政府信息服务绩效评估指标体系的科学构建

指出构建政府信息服务绩效评估指标体系应坚持目标一致性、可测性、可比性和整体性原则,在此基础上从用户满意、投入产出、内在优化、持续发展4个方面设计政府信息服务绩效评估指标体系,并对政府信息服务绩效评估指标的信度和效度进行检测,对定性指标进行定量化处理,对指标权重进行动态调整。     

Numerical investigation of microtexturing rings’ structure on the friction performance of bearing cells

We presented a numerical examination of the effect of microtexturing negative rings’ structure on the tribological performance of parallel bearing couples’ cell. Three mcirotexturing rings, which are circle, square and ellipse, were chosen and the analysis model were established. We used the Reynolds equation coupled with finite difference method and successive over relaxation Gauss-Seidel iterative method to solve the Newtonian flow’s hydrodynamics within a bearing couple. The effect of texture density and radius ratio (thickness) of the microtexturing rings were investigated on the tribological performance under the similar operating conditions. The numerical simulation reveals that: 1) The microtexturing rings’ structure can homogenize the local pressure much uniformly within the bearing cell. 2) The tribological performance is determined mainly by the microtexturing rings’ geometry and texture density, and the thickness of the rings’ structure can help to change the quantitative values. 3) The square and circle rings’s microtexturing surface can slightly improve the frictional performance with the bearing cells’ gap, while the ellipse ring’s surface may decrease the frictional performance. 4) The ellipse rings’ microtexturing surface can achieve the minimum spacing gap but the maximum friction coefficient of the bearing couple, and then the circle and square rings’ structure take the second and third place, respectively     

Gender and higher education experience: a case study

This research seeks to contribute to current discussion of gender differences in experience of higher education. Its specific focus is to compare the assessment of various university services by male and female students. The research sample consisted of 9793 students who participated in three University of Western Sydney surveys in 2004 and 2005. The results suggest that, first, female students place higher importance on the majority of the university’s services than do male students; second, as female students advance through their studies, they appear more demanding about the quality of services, while male students remain comparatively tolerant; and third, while all students consider that some areas warrant improvement, this is significantly more so for female than for male students. Specifically, the key areas for improvement from female students’ perspective are the relevance and instructional clarity of the course and efficiency of administration. It is recommended that, considering the current trends in higher education across gender, a sharper focus on these areas for improvement action could help the university ensure equity and better manage competition.     

基于信任的合同柔性改善项目管理绩效研究

发承包双方间的信任关系及合同柔性作为关系治理与合同治理的核心，被视为工程项目管理绩效保障的重要因素。然而，信任、合同柔性作为多维度概念，其深层影响关系并未得到充分解释。本文从信任、合同柔性以及项目管理绩效相互作用剖析入手，构建信任、合同柔性、项目管理绩效结构模型，并依据调查问卷的统计分析结果得出以下结论：诚信信任与能力信任正向影响合同柔性，且正向影响项目管理绩效。制度信任与合同柔性及项目管理绩效的关系并不显著。合同柔性的使用与项目管理绩效间存在显著正相关关系。最后，基于研究结论提出了相关管理启示。     

创业失败学习对新企业绩效的作用机制研究

成功的创业者大多经历失败,但经历失败的创业者并不一定能走向成功。能否将失败视为学习机会并从中进行有效学习对新企业发展具有重要影响。在以往研究的基础上,编制创业失败学习问卷,并检验创业失败学习与新企业绩效的关系,探索团队创业精神对该过程的作用机制。通过292份有效问卷的数据分析表明,创业失败学习可以区分为认知改变和能力提升两个维度,创业失败学习与团队创业精神、新企业绩效具有显著正相关关系,且团队创业精神中集体创新和协作进取两个维度作为中介变量影响创业失败学习与新企业绩效的关系。     

融合数据增广技术与机器学习算法的个人信用评分研究

为了提高个人信用评分模型算法预测精准率,受视觉领域数据增广思路启发,提出融合数据增广技术与机器学习算法的个人信用评分模型。该模型首先对原始个人信用数据进行数据增广处理,然后基于机器学习分类算法训练一个二分类个人信用评分模型,最后基于公开个人信用数据集,分别建立未经过数据增广和经过数据增广处理后的个人信用评分模型。对比准确率、精确率、召回率、F1 得分、AUC 值和 ROC 曲线等 6 个性能评价指标,结果显示,相较于仅基于机器学习算法的个人信用评分模型,融合了数据增广技术与机器学习算法的个人信用评分模型使得分类性能得到了一定提升,分类准确率平均高出 5%。     

互动导向、战略柔性与制造企业服务创新绩效

本文从资源能力视角解释用户驱动制造业企业服务创新的过程逻辑,基于动态资源基础观和价值共创理论分析互动导向、战略柔性对服务创新绩效的影响。使用Amos 240对319家样本企业的调查数据进行实证检验。研究发现：（1）战略柔性在互动响应能力、顾客授权、顾客价值管理与服务创新绩效之间起部分中介作用,在顾客理念与服务创新绩效之间的中介作用不显著。（2）售后服务情景下资源柔性对互动导向与服务创新绩效的中介作用高于协调柔性,相反,增值服务情景下协调柔性的中介作用更显著。研究在还原互动导向多维度构念的基础上,发现制造业企业服务创新需打破组织边界引入用户参与价值共创,依据资源柔性与协调柔性的演化水平为用户提供创新性服务。     

The impact of vouchers on preschool attendance and elementary school readiness: A randomized controlled trial in rural China

Although preschool has been shown to improve children's school readiness in many developing countries, preschool attendance in poor rural areas of China is still low. The high cost of preschool is often regarded as a major barrier to attendance. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of a one-year voucher/CCT intervention on preschool attendance and school readiness. To do so, we conducted a randomized controlled trial among 150 young children in a poor, rural county in China. Our analysis shows that the intervention, consisting of a tuition waiver and a cash transfer conditional on attendance, raised attendance by 20 percentage points (or by 35%). However, the intervention did not have measurable impact on children's school readiness. We believe that poor quality of preschool education in rural China (in terms of both teaching and facilities) contributes to our findings.