海南省外来旅游者生态足迹测评

旅游生态足迹方法是评价旅游对生态环境影响的新方法。介绍了旅游生态足迹理论与方法,对海南省外来旅游者生态足迹进行了测评研究。结果表明,2004年海南省外来旅游者人均生态足迹和总生态足迹分别为0.1149hm²和147.63×10⁴hm²,分别是海南省本底人均生态足迹和本底总生态足迹的5.7%和9.0%,对海南省人均生态赤字和总生态赤字的贡献分别为16.9%和24.4%;在旅游活动各要素中,交通生态足迹所占比例最大,为64.3%,乘坐小汽车的旅游者仅占总数的12.5%,但却占着交通生态足迹的56.9%;在旅游者生态足迹类型中,化石能源用地所占比例最大,为77.4%。单位旅游生态足迹产值为940美元/hm²,是海南省本底单位生态足迹产值的1.56倍,但仅占全球平均水平的85%。单位旅游娱乐生态足迹产值高,而旅游交通、饮食的生态足迹产值低。由此表明,旅游活动是一种对自然资源高需求和高消耗的综合性生活方式,是影响旅游目的地生态环境的重要因素。旅游交通是旅游活动生态占用的主要因素,通方式决定着旅游交通生态足迹的大小。旅游业比当地各行业平均水平具有较高的经济效益。     

试析我国城市社区体育的成因

立足于中国社会主义市场经济改革和城市社会体育的现实,从政治、经济、文化、教育等诸多层面出发,分析了我国城市社区体育的成因与作用,指出了我国城市社区体育的发展前景。     

对我国竞技体育可持续发展的外在因素之思考

可持续发展观已成为世界乃至我国现代化进程中的主旋律,可持续发展是人类社会发展的必由之路。主要从社会学的角度分析了影响我国竞技体育可持续发展的外在因素,包括社会自然环境、经济、政治、人口、教育、社会文化、科技等多方面因素。     

基于LabVIEW的医用体外反博器数据采集和心电波形识别软件设计

本文介绍了基于LabVIEW的体外反搏系统的软件设计方法,该软件通过友好的人机界面、多功能的软件模块使实验操作灵活方便;通过运用计算机强大的数据计算与处理能力,大大提高了数据分析处理能力。     

Understanding (in)formal learning in an academic development programme: A social network perspective

Most professional development programmes provide teachers with formal and informal social networks, but limited empirical evidence is available to describe to what extent teachers build internal (within their programme) and external (with colleagues not involved in the programme) social learning relations. We triangulated Social Network Analysis with qualitative free exercise responses. Participants developed on average 4.00 internal and 3.63 external relations, and discussed teaching 128 times per year with externals. MRQAP modelling indicates group division, department, and friendships predicted learning ties. These findings indicate that research on impact of teacher education should widen its focus beyond the formal programme boundaries.     

Are parents at a higher risk for secondary traumatic stress?: How interviewing child victims impacts relationships with forensic interviewer’s friends and family

BackgroundForensic interviewers are at a heightened risk for secondary traumatic stress (STS) due to their frequent interactions with victims of child maltreatment (Bonach & Heckert, 2012). To date, however, few studies have examined the negative effects of this work on interviewers’ social and emotional well-being.ObjectiveThe present study seeks to explore the effect of STS on the relationships of forensic interviewers, including those with friends, family, and their respective children.Participants and settingData are derived from a sample of 367 forensic interviewers (FIs) recruited from across the United States.MethodsThe current study used a cross-sectional research design to obtain qualitative and quantitative data from an online survey of certified forensic interviewers.ResultsPersonal-level predictors of STS included interviewers’ sex (β = 0.11, p = 0.02), trauma history (β = 0.13, p = 0.004), and frequency of socializing with family members outside of work (β = -0.12, p = 0.01). Work-related predictors included the frequency of direct (β = 0.10, p = 0.04) and indirect exposures to graphic details of child maltreatment (β = 0.09, p = 0.05), burnout (β = 0.58, p = 0.000), and years of experience investigating crimes against children (β = 0.10, p = 0.03). Factors such as parental status and external social support were not significantly associated with STS in the qualitative analysis.ConclusionsForensic interviewers experience both positive and negative effects of exposure to crimes against children, with work-related factors being particularly impactful on the potential for STS.     

不可避免的溃败：关于抗战初期国民党战场溃败原因的历史考察

抗战初期，中国国民党战场出现了一溃千里的局面，导致这一局面出现的主要因素是日本是一个强国，中国是一个弱国，这种敌强我弱的状况，造成了国民党的溃败。此外，消极防御，以打阵地战为主，准备不足，计划不周，统治集团内部的矛盾和斗争，也是造成国民党溃败的重要因素。     

因果必然性论证(上)

因果必然性（指因果之间严格对应的必然性）是因果关系的一个最重要性质，具有理论和实践上的重要意义。统计学、量子力学、“多因多果说”、意志论和目的论等学科和学说中的偶然性现象和事例，都不真正否定因果必然性。“本质上的偶然性”也不是真正存在的。因此得出三大结论：客观物质世界－物质有固定属性－物质有确定表现。     

三角债的成因、危害及治理对策

三角债是一种复杂的债务链，形成原因复杂，危害严重本文主要从企业主的理念、会计制度、外部监管、法律手段、金融机构对企业的信用评定、开发金融新产品等方面提出了治理三角债的对策。     

构建网络社会内源性道德教育体系初探

网络社会环境中的道德教育面临前所未有的难题。如何建立有效的道德教育防范体系,以应对来自现实社会与网络社会双重环境的影响,已成为人们日益关注的问题。本文阐释了内源性道德教育体系构建的意义,对构建内源性道德教育体系的途径进行了初步分析,并对建立有效的网络道德体系进行了深层思考。