Interpreting examiners' annotations on examination papers: a sociocultural analysis

In Ireland and the UK it is accepted practice that agencies with formal responsibility for delivering school examinations allow examination candidates, and in many cases their teachers, to see their examination papers once they have been marked. Returned papers can carry various pieces of information; as well as the total score given for a performance, additional information is included in the form of the annotations left on the examination paper by the marking examiner. As far as we know there has been no research into how this information affects those who come into contact with it. The study uses teacher interview and survey data to explore whether a sociocultural approach to analysis can illuminate the factors that might influence their interpretation of those annotations. These analyses suggest that a key influence on the valid interpretation of an examiner's annotations is a teachers' involvement in examining activity. The analyses support further conceptualisation that these teacher-examiners' interpretative capacity is related to their positioning in a boundary zone between two different activity systems.     

Beyond formal R&D: Taking advantage of other sources of innovation in low- and medium-technology industries

This study deepens our knowledge of critical success factors in the innovation process of low- and medium-technology (LMT) industries. To accomplish this, it explores how the innovation process in LMT firms may depend on non-formal R&D activities and the use of external sources. The empirical analysis is based on a representative panel of Spanish manufacturing firms. The results strongly support the view that non-R&D activities such as design, the use of advanced machinery and training are crucial to understanding the innovation process of any firm. The study finds, however, that the impact of these activities is especially important in LMT industries, particularly for the achievement of product innovations. The empirical evidence also reveals the importance of external sources such as the use of consultants, the hiring of personnel, collaboration agreements and external R&D, with the greatest differences between LMT and high-technology (HT) firms being observed in process innovations.     

海南省外来旅游者生态足迹测评

旅游生态足迹方法是评价旅游对生态环境影响的新方法。介绍了旅游生态足迹理论与方法,对海南省外来旅游者生态足迹进行了测评研究。结果表明,2004年海南省外来旅游者人均生态足迹和总生态足迹分别为0.1149hm²和147.63×10⁴hm²,分别是海南省本底人均生态足迹和本底总生态足迹的5.7%和9.0%,对海南省人均生态赤字和总生态赤字的贡献分别为16.9%和24.4%;在旅游活动各要素中,交通生态足迹所占比例最大,为64.3%,乘坐小汽车的旅游者仅占总数的12.5%,但却占着交通生态足迹的56.9%;在旅游者生态足迹类型中,化石能源用地所占比例最大,为77.4%。单位旅游生态足迹产值为940美元/hm²,是海南省本底单位生态足迹产值的1.56倍,但仅占全球平均水平的85%。单位旅游娱乐生态足迹产值高,而旅游交通、饮食的生态足迹产值低。由此表明,旅游活动是一种对自然资源高需求和高消耗的综合性生活方式,是影响旅游目的地生态环境的重要因素。旅游交通是旅游活动生态占用的主要因素,通方式决定着旅游交通生态足迹的大小。旅游业比当地各行业平均水平具有较高的经济效益。     

对我国竞技体育可持续发展的外在因素之思考

可持续发展观已成为世界乃至我国现代化进程中的主旋律,可持续发展是人类社会发展的必由之路。主要从社会学的角度分析了影响我国竞技体育可持续发展的外在因素,包括社会自然环境、经济、政治、人口、教育、社会文化、科技等多方面因素。     

基于LabVIEW的医用体外反博器数据采集和心电波形识别软件设计

本文介绍了基于LabVIEW的体外反搏系统的软件设计方法,该软件通过友好的人机界面、多功能的软件模块使实验操作灵活方便;通过运用计算机强大的数据计算与处理能力,大大提高了数据分析处理能力。     

中国关于世界多极化的战略判断:演化轨迹及其特征

本文通过对中国官方文献的回顾梳理,阐述了中国关于世界多极化的基本理念及战略判断的演化进程,认为该进程经历了20世纪90年代初期的初步宣示、90年代中后期的进一步明确化和新世纪之初的充实发展三个阶段,在此基础上分析了该战略判断的基本特征及其对中国外交的政策含义。     

Understanding (in)formal learning in an academic development programme: A social network perspective

Most professional development programmes provide teachers with formal and informal social networks, but limited empirical evidence is available to describe to what extent teachers build internal (within their programme) and external (with colleagues not involved in the programme) social learning relations. We triangulated Social Network Analysis with qualitative free exercise responses. Participants developed on average 4.00 internal and 3.63 external relations, and discussed teaching 128 times per year with externals. MRQAP modelling indicates group division, department, and friendships predicted learning ties. These findings indicate that research on impact of teacher education should widen its focus beyond the formal programme boundaries.     

Are parents at a higher risk for secondary traumatic stress?: How interviewing child victims impacts relationships with forensic interviewer’s friends and family

BackgroundForensic interviewers are at a heightened risk for secondary traumatic stress (STS) due to their frequent interactions with victims of child maltreatment (Bonach & Heckert, 2012). To date, however, few studies have examined the negative effects of this work on interviewers’ social and emotional well-being.ObjectiveThe present study seeks to explore the effect of STS on the relationships of forensic interviewers, including those with friends, family, and their respective children.Participants and settingData are derived from a sample of 367 forensic interviewers (FIs) recruited from across the United States.MethodsThe current study used a cross-sectional research design to obtain qualitative and quantitative data from an online survey of certified forensic interviewers.ResultsPersonal-level predictors of STS included interviewers’ sex (β = 0.11, p = 0.02), trauma history (β = 0.13, p = 0.004), and frequency of socializing with family members outside of work (β = -0.12, p = 0.01). Work-related predictors included the frequency of direct (β = 0.10, p = 0.04) and indirect exposures to graphic details of child maltreatment (β = 0.09, p = 0.05), burnout (β = 0.58, p = 0.000), and years of experience investigating crimes against children (β = 0.10, p = 0.03). Factors such as parental status and external social support were not significantly associated with STS in the qualitative analysis.ConclusionsForensic interviewers experience both positive and negative effects of exposure to crimes against children, with work-related factors being particularly impactful on the potential for STS.     

谈阶段性考核在高校自由泳选修课教学中的作用

采用文献法、实验对比法对黑龙江大学二年级选修班女生游泳课将阶段性考核运用自由泳教学中 ,进行对比实验分析。结果显示 :采用此种方法期末考试试验班达标人数多于对照班 ,说明在自由泳教学中采用阶段性考核能提高教学效果。     

试论考试作弊的应对策略与监控措施

近年来,考试作弊现象已相当严重,已经引起了社会广泛关注。针对当前我国考试作弊现状,进行认真研究,提出有效解决对策,具有重要意义。论文分析了考试作弊的现状、特点,提出了有效的应对策略及监控措施。