辽宁省城市居民体育消费结构水平的研究

在对974名辽宁省域审居民抽样调查的基础上,论述了辽宁省城市居民体育消费结构与体育消费水平的现状,并分析了其体育消费的特征,结果表明：辽宁省城市居民的体育消费水平较低,存在明显的性别差异,男性明显高于女性;体育消费阶层差异明显,工人是辽宁省城市居民消费的主力阶层,其次是知识分子阶层和干部阶层;另外体育消费结构呈现多样化的同时也表现出明显的实物性特征。     

浅析体育产业的发展对体育消费需求的影响

本研究从中国现行的经济发展制度及发展进程,详尽的阐述了城乡居民收入状况的变化及国民经济增长的状况与体育健身的投入之间的内在联系,为我国体育产业的发展提供一定的理论参考。     

短跑运动员肌肉能量消耗与肌肉损伤的研究

通过查阅国内相关文献资料,分析了短跑运动能量消耗的基本规律。由于短跑技术动作的不规范、缺乏准备活动或准备不充分、肌肉的紧张、全程节奏紊乱、肌肉柔韧性差、过度紧张的心理,造成了运动员身体能量的大量消耗,致使能量不足而出现肌肉损伤现象。并由此论述短跑运动员肌肉能量消耗与肌肉损伤的相关机理,提出了有利于运动员能量储备的训练方法。     

择时营养补充方法在优秀自行车运动员营养调控中的应用

目的:为了研究择时营养补充对自行车运动员运动能力的影响和择时营养补充方法在自行车运动员营养调控中的应用,为运动时间营养学理论提供实验依据.方法:对8名优秀自行车运动员在珠海和深圳训练周期内的营养调控进行研究,测试部分血生化指标和心肺功能以及运动现场测试运动能力.结果:本实验发现,运动员在训练期间进行择时营养补充,男子血清总睾水平增加了9.22%(P＜0.05);血清CK水平下降40.61%(P＜0,05);动态追踪Hb、血糖和血胰岛素水平的变化,在训练周期内,Hb呈下降趋势,但仍能维持在较高水平,训练前后比较下降了9.74%(P＜0.05),而血糖浓度和胰岛素水平的波动均在正常范围.结论:以择时营养补充方法应用于优秀自行车运动员训练期间的营养调控,并遵循"择时补充、联合补充、个体化补充和交替刺激"的原则,可提高运动员体能和促进体能恢复,对调节内分泌功能、促进运动后骨骼肌机能的快速恢复有积极作用.     

长株潭城市群体育资源配置与管理战略研究

在对长株潭城市群体育资源配置与管理现状进行调研的基础上,依据社会伦理学、体育经济学、体育产业学等理论,就如何优化长株潭城市群资源配置、提高管理效益开辟新思路,为开拓体育市场、培养体育消费群体找出新的途径与方法,以期提升长株潭城市群体育产业竞争力,并通过辐射效应带动湖南省其它地区体育产业的发展,从而使整个湖南体育产业整体发展,为湖南省的经济发展创造新的经济增长点.     

城镇化影响农村居民消费的地区差异及门槛效应?

推进城镇化是增加我国农村消费需求,扩大内需的重要突破口。采用2002—2012年我国省际面板数据考察城镇化、农村人口结构、消费结构升级等因素对农村居民消费的影响,结果表明：城镇化对农村居民消费增长具有显著的促进作用,且存在地区差异,东部地区城镇化对农村居民消费增长的作用大于西部地区;城镇化对我国农村居民消费的影响存在显著的单一门槛效应,门槛估计值为0．589,在城镇化水平高（大于0．589）的地区,城镇化对农村居民消费的促进作用更大,但目前我国大部分省区的城镇化水平还未达到门槛值。应进一步加快我国城镇化进程,尤其是中西部次发达地区的城镇化进程,充分发挥城镇化对农村居民消费的促进作用。     

河南省城镇居民体育消费结构分析

采用问卷调查法，对河南省城镇居民体育消费行为进行调查。结果显示，河南省居民体育消费能力低于全国水平，实物性体育消费占主导地位，观赏性体育消费相对滞后，参与性体育消费有快速增长势头。提出发展河南省城镇居民体育消费的对策。     

我国体育产业发展的双重阻力

我国GDP水平偏低，导致大众体育消费的有效消费不足；体育产业基础薄弱，体育产业结构不合理；体育人口众多与设施场地总量不足的矛盾：是我国体育产业发展的客观阻力。政府在体育产业中的职能定位存在偏差，职能转变缓慢，体育消费市场的实物消费远远大于体育劳务消费，则是我国体育产业发展的主观阻力。提出了在双重阻力作用下我国体育产业发展的思路。     

Metabolic cost of running is greater on a treadmill with a stiffer running platform

Exercise testing on motorised treadmills provides valuable information about running performance and metabolism; however, the impact of treadmill type on these tests has not been investigated. This study compared the energy demand of running on two laboratory treadmills: an HP Cosmos (C) and a Quinton (Q) model, with the latter having a 4.5 times stiffer running platform. Twelve experienced runners ran identical bouts on these treadmills at a range of four submaximal velocities (reported data is for the velocity that approximated 75–81% VO_2max). The stiffer treadmill elicited higher oxygen consumption (C: 46.7 ± 3.8; Q: 50.1 ± 4.3 ml·kg^?1 · min^?1), energy expenditure (C: 16.0 ± 2.5; Q: 17.7 ± 2.9 kcal · min^?1), carbohydrate oxidation (C: 9.6 ± 3.1; Q: 13.0 ± 3.9 kcal · min^?1), heart rate (C: 155 ± 16; Q: 163 ± 16 beats · min^?1) and rating of perceived exertion (C: 13.8 ± 1.2; Q: 14.7 ± 1.2), but lower fat oxidation (C: 6.4 ± 2.3; Q: 4.6 ± 2.5 kcal · min^?1) (all analysis of variance treadmill comparisons P < 0.01). This study confirms that caution is required when comparing performance and metabolic results between different treadmills and suggests that treadmills will vary in their comparability to over-ground running depending on the running platform stiffness.     

Football Club Formation and the Lancashire Leisure Class, 1857–1870

This paper outlines the transition from football games played for occasional amusement to a system of organized football clubs playing regular matches in Lancashire in the mid-nineteenth century. This was led by young men of an emerging Lancashire leisured class being, in the main, the public school educated sons of the northern county’s commercial and industrial elite. These families had accumulated sufficient wealth, especially in the first half of the nineteenth century, to exempt a considerable part of their population from work both at weekends and during the normal working week with football becoming an act of conspicuous consumption. Three case studies of individual clubs and leading individuals within those clubs are presented with detailed archival research carefully avoiding the teleology implicit in much historical writing of the past. It also swells the paucity of good historical material about the organization of sport at levels below national bodies. In so doing, it aims to illuminate some of the shadows in the big picture of the evolution of sport and leisure in Lancashire and Britain itself while informing the ongoing orthodox/revisionist debate into the origins of football in the nineteenth century.