Validation of the elementary social behaviour assessment: teacher ratings of students’ social skills adapted to Norwegian,grades 1–6

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Elementary Social Behaviour Assessment (ESBA), a teacher-report measure of students’ social skills and academic engagement adapted for use in Norwegian schools. At two times, 8 weeks apart, 151 teachers rated 793 students in Grades 1–6 on the ESBA and the Social Skills Rating System Teacher’s form (SSRS-T). Exploratory factor analysis with the first assessment suggested one or possibly two factors. Confirmatory factor analysis with the second assessment confirmed the one- or two-factor models but did not offer strong evidence for one over the other. The ESBA demonstrated good to excellent reliability. Strong concurrent and predictive correlations with the SSRS-T established criterion validity. The school and teacher levels explained only a limited amount of the total variance in ESBA scores, suggesting that teachers rate students quite similarly. The Norwegian-adapted ESBA paralleled the reliability and validity evidence from US samples.     

基于科研人员需求的文献检索质量量表构建

文献检索质量是科研工作者和图书馆员共同关注的重要问题,但至今未见其简便易行的理想评价方法。在全面性、系统性、准确性、一致性、简明性、可操作性、可控性和目标性原则基础上构建文献检索质量评价量表并进行信度和效度分析检验,结果显示:量表信度指数Cronbach’sα系数为0.925;文献检索知识评价、文献检索过程评价、文献检索结果评价、信息利用程度等准则层Cronbach’sα分别为0.751、0.814、0.840和0.830,综合评分与准则层相关系数为0.5~0.9;通过因子分析确定因子载荷大于0.5的28个指标,累计方差贡献率达到了71.06%,通过信度、效度检验。该指标体系通过相关检验并得到优化,为科研中评价文献信息检索分析提供依据。     

International large-scale assessments: what uses,what consequences?

Abstract

Background: International large-scale assessments (ILSAs) are a much-debated phenomenon in education. Increasingly, their outcomes attract considerable media attention and influence educational policies in many jurisdictions worldwide. The relevance, uses and consequences of these assessments are often the focus of research scrutiny. Whilst some argue that the assessment outcomes provide an effective basis for informed policy-making, critics claim that the use of international assessment data can result in a range of unintended consequences, such as the shaping and governing of school systems ‘by numbers’.

Purpose: This article explores and analyses the arguments about the uses and consequences of ILSAs. In particular, the discourse about the assessments’ consequential validity will be discussed and evaluated.

Sources of evidence: Literature relating to the uses and consequences of large-scale assessment was analysed, with a focus on research on the consequential aspects of validity.

Main argument: Much research suggests that ILSAs have unintended consequences that affect and influence educational policy. However, the influences on educational policy are complex and interwoven: for example, it is not clear-cut whether effects such as converging curricular are, necessarily, direct consequences of large-scale assessments. Further, it is suggested that a beneficial consequence of large-scale assessment is the infrastructure they provide for studies in the social sciences, although caution must be applied to causal claims, in particular because of the cross-sectional design of the assessments.

Conclusions: The considerable literature discussing the uses and consequences of large-scale assessments tends to point out potential negative aspects of the studies. However, it is also apparent that large-scale international assessments can be a valuable resource for studying global trends and evolving systems in education. Despite the extensive debates around large-scale assessment outcomes both in the media and in educational policy arenas, empirical educational research all too often appears underused in the discussion.     

应用模糊C均值聚类法判别同调机群正确性研究

利用BPA软件以新英格兰10机39节点系统为例,验证模糊C均值聚类法判别同调机群的正确性。     

高等医学院校医学专业英语阅读测试内容效度实证分析

本文从内容效度的主要影响因素入手,基于近5年来某高等医学院校医学专业英语阅读测试试题为样本,以语篇输入视角,进行历时性研究与分析,客观评价某高等医学院校医学专业英语阅读测试的内容效度,提出相应建议,以期对提高医学专业英语测试水平有所裨益。     

The development of a perceived masculinity scale

This essay posits that masculinity can be usefully understood from a communication perspective, and it specifically defines masculinity as a social and symbolic construct. In this view, the meanings and associations attributed to masculinity are a product of the enduring images and characteristics people have ascribed and assigned to men in groups over time. Based upon a survey of contemporary published research regarding masculinity, it is concluded that masculinity is now a multidimensional construct which attributes ten traits to people viewed as masculine which are examined in terms of: (1) physiological energy; (2) physical characteristics; (3) gender‐related sociocultural roles; (4) idealized gender; (5) gender preferences; (6) subjective gender‐identity; (7) gender‐related age identity; (8) gender‐related racial and national identities; (9) lust; and, (10) male eroticism. Specific questionnaires used to measure these dimensions are reviewed, and based on the responses of 562 subjects, the reliability and validity of one of these questionnaires is examined in detail. The essay concludes by recommending the use of the Perceived Masculinity Questionnaire 47, and it outlines some of the uses that can be made of a Perceived Masculinity Scale, especially some potential classroom uses.     

A study of the quality of practitioner research in secondary education: impact on teacher and school development

This study provides insight into the quality of practitioner research and the impact of this on the professional development of the individual teacher and the school as a whole. We examined the quality of practitioner research in relation to the goals of the research. We operationalized the quality of the research in terms of the validities outlined by Anderson and Herr. In our study we apply this way of thinking to 11 cases of teacher research in secondary education. We found at least some evidence of outcome validity and catalytic validity for the teachers’ practitioner research. However, evidence of process validity and democratic validity was only found in some of the projects. We conclude that the approach adopted in this study can be more generally used to increase the quality and thereby the impact of practitioner research.     

管理理论的困惑与创新

世纪之交，我国的管理正面临着十分严峻的挑战。本文通过分析目前困扰我国管理界的热点问题，指出管理理论创新是走出困境的关键，进而提出了要从动态变化角度建立适应时代要求的管理理论的全新思想，即要在动态变化中认识管理的作用，选择管理模式，度量管理的绩效，测算管理在经济增长中的贡献，并基于此给出了解决问题的具体思路与方法。     

大学新生心理普查有效性研究

本文采用实证研究方法讨论大学生心理普查预测心理和行为问题发生的有效性。采用SCL-90、自尊量表、社会支持量表和自杀意念量表四个量表,从2009年-2011年连续三年在某高校测量大一新生共5248人,于2012年6月收集辅导员上报问题学生基本情况。使用SPSS15.0对结果进行统计分析。研究结果表明,采用心理量表进行心理普查有一定效果,但效果并不理想,SCL-90存在筛查人数过多,准确性较低等问题。建议提高大学生心理普查有效性应综合采用多个心理量表进行测量。     

英文规定性法律文本中的同义词翻译——功能对等理论视角

根据奈达的功能对等理论,结合法律翻译研究者的理论和观点,理论联系实际,提出在翻译英文规定性法律文本中的同义词时,可以采用分别翻译和联合统一翻译的处理方式,实现法律文本翻译准确性的基本原则,达到形式、内容和效力等同的法律文本翻译标准。