Psychometric Properties of a Parental Questionnaire for Assessing Correlates of Toddlers’ Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior

This study examined the psychometric properties of a questionnaire developed with the guidance of the socialization model of child behaviour to understand modifiable correlates of toddlers’ physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Findings are based on 118 parents (33.7 ± 4.9 years; 86% female) of toddlers (19.3 ± 2.7 months; 48% female) from Edmonton, Canada in The Parents’ Role in Establishing healthy Physical activity and Sedentary behaviour habits study (PREPS). The PREPS questionnaire encompassed 21 variables across the constructs of the socialization model of child behaviour. Of the nine variables assessed for internal consistency reliability, eight had good (α ≥ 0.70) reliability. Of the 15 continuous variables assessed for 1-week test–retest reliability, 10 had moderate (intra-class correlation = 0.50–0.74) and 5 had good (intra-class correlation ≥ 0.75) reliability. Of the six categorical variables assessed for 1-week test–retest reliability, two had fair (К = 0.21–0.40), one had moderate (К = 0.41–0.60), one had substantial (К = 0.61–0.80), and two had almost perfect (К = 0.81–1.00) reliability. Of the 12 sedentary behaviour variables assessed for convergent validity, 7 were significantly correlated with children’s screen time, of which three were small (r ≤ 0.29), two were medium (r = 0.30–0.49), and two were large (r ≥ 0.50) effect sizes.     

合同法定书面形式的法律效力探析

我国合同法未对合同的法定书面形式的效力加以规定,致使存在不同看法。法定书面形式的效力应当从其种类、范围、立法目的来加以确定。在法律未明确法定书面形式的效力时,我们认为其主要起到证据的作用。     

高校教师信息行为有效性及其实现途径

高校教师信息行为是指高校教师应用信息工具对信息资源进行有效地收集、整理、组织、分析、使用、管理和评价的教学行为.高校教师信息行为有效性具有信息需求的多样性、信息意识的超前性、信息获取手段的先进性和信息分析的批判性等特征.高校教师信息行为有效性的实现途径是:加强高校教师教育信息理论培训;在教学实践中增强教师信息行为有效性;通过自我反思提高教师信息行为有效性;不断提升高校教师网络技术素养.     

Rater Cognition: Implications for Validity

The scoring process is critical in the validation of tests that rely on constructed responses. Documenting that readers carry out the scoring in ways consistent with the construct and measurement goals is an important aspect of score validity. In this article, rater cognition is approached as a source of support for a validity argument for scores based on constructed responses, whether such scores are to be used on their own or as the basis for other scoring processes, for example, automated scoring.     

高校学生体育课成绩考核“标准化”的探讨与思考

从我国普通高校体育课教学的实际出发,围绕成绩考核“标准化”的问题,运用问卷调查、资料分析和数理统计等方法,对影响体育课成绩考核的诸如“标准化”的期望水准、考核顷目的确定和管理运作、成绩评定方法等方面的问题,进行了探讨与研究。     

基于Zelen设计的网络用户信息检索行为实验方案与评估

在介绍并评价当前主要检索行为实验方法的基础上，引入美国Marvin Zelen 教授的Zelen设计，综合已有检索行为实验方法的优缺点给出应用于网络用户信息检索行 为实验的改进Zelen实验设计方案。最后，文章从实验对无关变量控制的规范化评价、实 验方法的规范化评价、实验内在效度评价和实验外在效度评价4个方面对这一实验方案进 行了评估。     

考试质量的分析与综合评价

以《人体解剖学》的一次考试为例,通过对考试结果的量化分析来评价试题的信度、效度、难易度及区分度等。从而为试题库的科学建立提供了帮助。     

Informing in the Information Age: How to Communicate Measurement Concepts to Education Policy Makers

Current educational policies rely on educational assessments. However, the technical aspects of assessments are often unknown to policy makers, which is dangerous because sound assessment policy requires knowledge of the strengths and limitations of educational tests. In this article, we discuss the importance of informing policy makers of important psychometric issues that should be considered whenever tests are proposed for specific purposes. We discuss the types of information that are important to communicate to policy makers, how to best convey this information in a manner in which it can be understood, and how to be seen as a valuable source of information to education policy makers. We end with some specific steps organizations such as NCME can take to inform policy makers and advocate for valid educational assessment policies.     

Validity Issues in Test Speededness

Speededness refers to the situation where the time limits on a standardized test do not allow substantial numbers of examinees to fully consider all test items. When tests are not intended to measure speed of responding, speededness introduces a severe threat to the validity of interpretations based on test scores. In this article, we describe test speededness, its potential threats to validity, and traditional and modern methods that can be used to assess the presence of speededness. We argue that more attention must be paid to this issue and that more research must be done to set appropriate time limits on power tests so that speed of responding does not interfere with the construct measured.     

Validity of High‐Stakes Assessment: Are Students Engaged in Complex Thinking?

The validity of high-stakes assessments and accountability systems is discussed in relation to the requirements of No Child Left Behind (NCLB). The extent to which content standards and assessments are cognitively rich, the challenges in setting performance standards, and the impact of high-stakes assessments on instruction and student learning are addressed. The article argues for quality content standards, cognitively rich assessments, and a cohesive, balanced assessment system.