论语言测试的信度和效度

语言测试研究是应用语言学的一个分支,信度和效度是语言测试领域中的两个重要概念.信度指的是考试结果的可靠性;效度指的是考试达到预定目的的程度.本文介绍了信度和效度的定义、测量方法、影响因素,并指出了语言测试中二者的相互关系是既相互依存,又相互排斥的关系.     

企业绩效评估主体偏差深层次研究

绩效评估体系的效度,有赖于评估主体的正确选择,而评估主体价值偏好的取向是评估主体发生偏差的主要根源。因此,对评估主体价值偏好的影响因素的深层次分析以及纠正主体偏差对策的提出尤显重要。     

加强原始凭证的审核

加强原始凭证的审核是保证会计资料真实的前提,在原始凭证的审核中要重视"一看二审三探"。     

Denison企业文化量表的有效性分析及其应用研究

文化诊断是企业文化建设的基础.对Denison企业文化量表及其应用做了简要评述;用两个不同的样本对其在中国背景下的有效性做了探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,并对其进行了优化;在此基础上,针对其存在的局限性,对其应用模式做了改进,并将经优化的Denison企业文化量表应用于某石油公司的企业文化诊断,且根据诊断结论提出了企业文化建设的具体建议.     

Independent evaluation of Q-Interactive: A paper equivalency comparison using the PPVT-4 with preschoolers

Pearson now uses a technology-based testing platform, Q-Interactive, to administer tests previously available in paper versions. The same norms are used for both versions; Pearson's in-house equivalency studies indicated that both versions are equated. The goal of the current study is to independently evaluate equivalency findings. For the current study, equivalency was measured using the three-part test set forth by American Psychological Association in 1986. First, the researchers examined rank order similarity; then, they examined mean score similarity; and finally, they examined score-distribution similarity. One of these equivalency standards (rank order similarity) was not met, and one other standard is debatable (mean score similarity); therefore, the authors noted concerns about the use of Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Fourth Edition Q-Interactive for preschoolers. New normative data should be collected.     

认知语用视角下的语言测试效度

语言测试是语言教学和研究的一个重要组成部分。本文在回顾语言测试发展历程和传盟的语言能力观的基础上,以认知语用学理论为指导,对测试效度的本质进行了初步探讨。文章指出,语言测试的最终目的是考察受试者的认知语用能力并为语言教学服务。     

大学生心理健康量表的初步编制

目的:编制适合大学生的心理健康测量工具。方法:用探索性因素分析发展量表的初步理论结构,再用验证性因素分析证明理论结构的合理性和正确性。结果:(1)探索性因素分析确定量表含有9个因素,共解释了总变异的52.88%;(2)量表Cronbach’α系数、分半和重测相关系数分别为0.95,0.93,0.83;(3)验证性因素分析显示拟合指数x2/df,GFI,AGFI,CFI,TLI,RMSEA,RMR分别为2.94,0.87,0.86,0.88,0.87,0.04,0.05。结论:该量表信效度都达到了心理测量学的要求。     

青少年个人成长主动性问卷的初步编制与检验

Nine hundred and forty-four effective participants from middle schools are enrolled in this research and divided into two subgroups: sample 1 (N=472) is used in the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and sample 2 (N=472) in the certified factor analysis (CFA). Results show that an Adolescents’ Personal Growth Initiative Scale contains 24 items in 5 factors, with expected indices of reliability and validity.     

港口民营化研究中自编量表信度和效度分析

为研究港口的民营化情况,编制测度港口民营化相关问题的量表.对量表进行项目分析、结构效度分析及内部一致性检验,剔除不合理题项,并探讨定量资料假设检验中某些常见错误.量表总信度CRONBACH的α因数达到0.837,各子量表信度在0.579~0.856,即除港口民营化环境影响因素子量表外,其他子量表均达到一般社会学测量要求.因子分析表明,量表具有可接受的结构效度,其建立为后续研究打下一定基础.     

Validity of Wrist-Worn photoplethysmography devices to measure heart rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

Heart rate (HR), when combined with accelerometry, can dramatically improve estimates of energy expenditure and sleep. Advancements in technology, via the development and introduction of small, low-cost photoplethysmography devices embedded within wrist-worn consumer wearables, have made the collection of heart rate (HR) under free-living conditions more feasible. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the validity of wrist-worn HR estimates to a criterion measure of HR (electrocardiography ECG or chest strap). Searches of PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, PsycINFO, and EMBASE resulted in a total of 44 articles representing 738 effect sizes across 15 different brands. Multi-level random effects meta-analyses resulted in a small mean difference (beats per min, bpm) of ?0.40 bpm (95 confidence interval (CI) ?1.64 to 0.83) during sleep, ?0.01 bpm (?0.02 to 0.00) during rest, ?0.51 bpm (?1.60 to 0.58) during treadmill activities (walking to running), while the mean difference was larger during resistance training (?7.26 bpm, ?10.46 to ?4.07) and cycling (?4.55 bpm, ?7.24 to ?1.87). Mean difference increased by 3 bpm (2.5 to 3.5) per 10 bpm increase of HR for resistance training. Wrist-worn devices that measure HR demonstrate acceptable validity compared to a criterion measure of HR for most common activities.