Robust effects of the efficacy of explicit failure-driven scaffolding in problem-solving prior to instruction: A replication and extension

Although Productive Failure has shown to be effective (Kapur, 2016; Loibl, Roll, & Rummel, 2017), it is not clear if failure in problem-solving is necessary. Initial work in a quasi-experimental setting suggests that explicitly designing for experiences of failure leads to better learning outcomes than designing for success. We build on this to report on a controlled experimental study where students are exposed to failure-driven, success-driven, or no explicit scaffolding in problem-solving prior to instruction. For assessments of non-isomorphic conceptual understanding, our results align with those from prior work. Despite the similarity in posttest scores, students exposed to failure-driven scaffolding demonstrate higher quality of constructive reasoning than those receiving success-driven scaffolding. Additionally, our study reveals learning benefits of failure-driven scaffolding (for both posttest scores and reasoning quality) on assessments of transfer. Several cognitive, affective and meta-cognitive mechanisms are investigated to explain robust learning benefits of failure-driven scaffolding in preparatory problem-solving.     

第28届雅典奥运会中国体操队失误原因剖析及对策研究

通过观摩第28届雅典奥运会中国体操队的比赛,发现造成失误的原因主要是心理素质薄弱,赛前过于自信,技术不够扎实,人才培养策略和训练机制不够完善,布局不够合理,新手缺乏大赛经验,适应新规则、新赛制的能力不强,运动员比赛中的自我调节能力不足等。为此,必须改变现有的人才培养策略和训练体制,强化队员的技术、心理和素质训练,提高队员完成动作的成功率。     

Cooperative Learning in Statistics

The formal use of cooperative learning techniques developed originally in primary and secondary education proved effective in improving student performance and retention in a college freshman level statistics course. Lectures interspersed with group activities proved effective in increasing conceptual understanding and overall class performance.     

从认知角度看跨文化交际中的程式化语言

大量日常用语是程式化的 ,而不同文化有不同的程式化语言。本文在对这一范畴进行界定和识别的基础上 ,通过例证着重探讨了母语程式化语言的负迁移对跨文化交际的影响 ,并运用意象、脚本对这一现象进行了认知阐释     

高职数控机床故障诊断与维修课程建设初探

指出数控机床故障诊断与维修课程的建设思路,制订课程标准,归纳和总结课程教材建设、资源库建设和实施方案。并且通过具体项目案例,阐述该课程在项目化教学方法等方面的改革与实践。     

EC210B型挖掘机液压泵的控制原理与故障分析

沃尔沃EC210B型挖掘机液压泵,是日本川崎重工生产的柱塞泵,该柱塞泵由两台斜盘式柱塞泵串联、并装有伺服系所要求的齿轮泵和相应的油泵调节器构成。通过对EC210B型挖掘机液压泵结构、控制原理进行详细的分析,并分析了该泵的常见故障、排除方法,这对该泵的维护有一定的指导作用。     

Corruption as a source of e-Government projects failure in developing countries: A theoretical exposition

While the literature has touted e-Government as a tool for combating corruption, no study has discussed so far how corruption could influence e-Government project failure. This article tries to fill part of this void in past research by proposing a contextual framework that highlights the role corruption plays in stimulating the failure of e-Government projects in developing countries. Informed by prior relevant literature on general systems, organizational information processing, corruption, as well as e-Government, the proposed framework argues that the prevalence of corruption in developing economies could restrict moral and governance capabilities of administrative systems overseeing e-Governments in a way that could lead to the failure of these entities to produce initiatives that meet stakeholders' expectations. This theoretical study discusses this idea and underscores the value of the suggested framework for guiding scientific inquiries into this important topic and helping the public officials interested in planning, managing, and auditing e-Government initiatives.     

数控系统故障诊断方法与应用

数控机床由于价格昂贵,一旦出现故障,维修困难,常带来较大的经济损失。本文介绍了几种常用维修方法。及应用实例。     

呼吸内科临床教学中存在的问题与对策探讨

通过对呼吸内科住院医师培训人员进行问卷调查的方式,了解呼吸内科临床教学中存在的缺陷和不足,对教学过程中存在的问题深入探讨,发现"启发性挫败"教学法和问题教学法穿插到传统教学模式中,能更好地提高临床教学效果和质量。     

网络机房故障规律分析与对策

网络机房是高校近几年重点投入建设的教育装备之一。本文借助故障理论和维修理论进行了一项网络机房故障与维修分析的实验研究,并得出对网络机房故障、维修方面有实效性的管理措施和对策。