政府补偿方式、所有制性质与企业技术创新失败再创新

本文实证分析了政府补偿对企业技术创新失败再创新的作用机理。研究结果显示:（1）政府直接补偿与间接补偿均能提升再创新绩效,且直接补偿效果更显著;（2）企业所有制性质存在调节作用,国有性质强化了直接补偿效果而弱化了间接补偿效果;（3）政府直接补偿与企业再创新的R&D投入存在倒“U”型关系,即直接补偿存在临界值,临界以下表现为补偿溢出效应,临界以上则为补偿挤出效应。而政府间接补偿对企业再创新的R&D投入表现为补偿溢出效应。以上结果拓展了政府补偿方式影响企业再创新行为的研究视野,为政府制定基于创新容错的失败补偿政策与再创新激励政策提供了新思路。     

Comparison of an SMS text messaging and phone reminder to improve attendance at a health promotion center： A randomized controlled trial

Objective To compare the efficacy of a short messaging service (SMS) text messaging and phone reminder to improve attendance rates at a health promotion center. Methods A total of 1 859 participants who had scheduled appointments in the health promotion center of our hospital from April 2007 to May 2007 were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned into 3 groups control (no reminder) group, SMS text messaging reminder group and telephone reminder group. Attendance rates and costs of interventions were collected. Results A total of 1848 participants were eligible for analysis. Attendance rates of control,SMS and telephone groups were 80.5%, 87.5% and 88.3%, respectively. The attendance rates were significantly higher in SMS and telephone groups than that in the control group, with odds ratio 1.698, 95% confidence interval 1.224 to 2.316, P=0.001 in the SMS group, and odds ratio 1.829, 95% confidence interval 1.333 to 2.509, P＜0.001 in the telephone group. However, there was no difference between the SMS group and the telephone group (P=0.670). The cost effectiveness analysis showed that the cost per attendance for the SMS group (0.31 Yuan) was significantly lower than that for the telephone group (0.48 Yuan). ConclusionSMS and telephone are effective reminders for improving attendance rate at a health promotion center. SMS reminder may be more cost-effective compared with the telephone reminder.     

Probabilistic analysis of linear elastic cracked structures

This paper presents a probabilistic methodology for linear fracture mechanics analysis of cracked structures. The main focus is on probabilistic aspect related to the nature of crack in material. The methodology involves finite element analysis; sta- tistical models for uncertainty in material properties, crack size, fracture toughness and loads; and standard reliability methods for evaluating probabilistic characteristics of linear elastic fracture parameter. The uncertainty in the crack size can have a significant effect on the probability of failure, particularly when the crack size has a large coefficient of variation. Numerical example is presented to show that probabilistic methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation provides accurate estimates of failure prob- ability for use in linear elastic fracture mechanics.     

Information Systems and Developing Countries: Failure, Success, and Local Improvisations

This article presents evidence that--alongside the successes-- many information systems in developing countries can be categorized as failing either totally or partially. It then develops a new model that seeks to explain the high rates of failure. The model draws on contingency theory in order to advance the notion of design-actuality gaps: the match or mismatch between IS designs and local user actuality. This helps identify two high-risk archetypes that affect IS in developing countries: country context gaps and hard-soft gaps. The model is also of value in explaining the constraints that exist to local IS improvisations in developing countries. Overall, the article shows how model and theory help understand IS cases in developing countries, and equally, how those cases provide valuable data to help develop IS models and theories.     

关于齿轮传动设计中齿数对传动强度影响的探讨

阐述了齿数Z对齿轮强度的影响，通过分析可使设计在设计过程中，能够优化地选择齿数，使设计结果更加合理，满足不同场合的工作需要。     

语用观念下的四级听力与大学英语教学

大学英语四级测试听力考题中,语用失误的考察有两类:一是只就字面意思进行判断,而没有从语境出发全盘考虑而引起的失误;二是对目标语背景知识的缺乏导致的失误,因而在大学英语教学中,要针对这两种失误,着力培养学生根据语境推断说话者的真正意图,要加强学生目标语知识的学习,以培养和提高学生的语用能力。     

指针式万用表的修理

指针式万用表是广大技术人员维修电气设备最常用的仪表之一.而对指针式万用表常见故障的业余修理也是广大技术人员经常碰到的事.本文比较详细地介绍了指针式万用表的常见故障、产生故障的原因以及常见故障的检查处理方法。     

试论张太雷领导广州起义失败之原因

本文肯定了广州起义是一次探索革命道路的伟大尝试,同时客观地分析广州起义失败的原因,这一原因为革命提供了宝贵的教训。     

细胞凋亡与心力衰竭

心力衰竭中心肌细胞数量减少、心肌细胞的丢失与多种因素作用引起心肌细胞凋亡有关,心肌细胞凋亡是导致心力衰竭的重要病理生理机制。     

套圈锻造过烧导致的轴承早期失效

锻造过烧对轴承产品的使用寿命和可靠性有很大的影响。过烧产生的孔洞、微裂纹很可能会成为轴承接触疲劳失效的疲劳源，轻微过烧导致的轴承早期失效很容易被忽视，对于重要的应用场合，有可能成为质量隐患，对此必须引起足够重视。