Personality characteristics and disciplinary attitudes of child-abusing mothers

The literature indicates that child abusing mothers are characterized by distinctive personality attributes. No studies appear pertaining to the attitudes of abusive mothers on child discipline. To further explore the personality characteristics and examine disciplinary attitudes manifested by abusive mothers (AMs), 20 AMs receiving Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) and 20 nonabusive, ADC mothers were administered the Family Concept Inventory, a measure of self-esteem (California Test of Personality), selected items from the MMPI reflecting depression/apathy and resentment/ agression, measures of reward- and punishment-oriented disciplinary stance, a series of seven Eriksonian developmental conflict scales, and selected stimuli from the TAT. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed highly significant differences between the groups on the personality measures. Abusive mothers manifested lower self esteem, lower family concept, lower frustrated independence and greater depression and apathy; they scored lower on measures of the first six Eriksonian developmental stages. AMs scored higher on MMPI and TAT measures of aggression. No difference in attitudes towards discipline was found. Discriminant analysis using these data and actuarial data rendered 97.5% correct differentiation between the groups. Implications of the results are discussed.     

经理人的道德风险:家族企业如何规避

家族企业管理层的人力资源是有限的，因此，引进职业经理人便成了大多数家族企业可持续发展的必然要求。但是，由于经理人的道德风险的存在，家族企业便面临着如何规避经理人的道德风险的问题。本文结合我国国情，分析了经理人的道德风险产生的原因。从而提出了家族企业如何规避经理人的道德风险的对策。     

The Relationship Between Family Communication Patterns and Child Vaccination Intentions

This study examined the role of family communication patterns in assessing the intentions of individuals to vaccinate their children. Using the theory of planned behavior, we constructed a path model whereby family communication patterns led to perceptions regarding vaccinations and finally to the intentions. The model showed excellent fit, with both communication and conformity orientations inversely related to vaccination beliefs. There were also significant inverse indirect effects between the two orientations and vaccination intentions. The family communication patterns interacted to predict both vaccination control and perceived norms outside the family. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.     

The journey of two Latino educators: our collective resilience

This article represents a journey into education undertaken by two Latino educators from diverse generations. Through the content of the narratives, we emphasize that success was achieved within the presence of oppression. The narratives reveal significant constructs that shaped our journey. For the first author, Pablo, role models, pivotal moments, and resistance had a powerful influence in his journey. Family lessons and self-sacrifice were key to the success of the second author, Yolanda. These constructs contributed to both of our resilience and success. We suggest that the aforementioned constructs have significant implications for Latino youth in the educational system.     

论农村留守儿童家庭教育存在的问题及其原因

留守儿童作为一个特殊的弱势群体,在学习、心理素质、道德品质、安全等方面表现出种种问题。其家庭教育存在的问题主要有以下几个方面:家庭结构不完整,家庭的教育功能弱化;隔代教育"代沟"现象明显;教育者与受教育者角色意识模糊;留守家庭的教育缺少文化氛围。     

南朝中央官学学生在籍制度探微

南朝时期,中央官学设有国子学、四学馆、总明观、五馆、集雅馆、士林馆等,学生也因此各有不同。为了管理各类学校的学生,统治者制定各种规章制度对学生加以约束,其中的在籍制度就是对学生的员额、学籍划分、学习年限、待遇及处罚等各个方面的具体规定。     

Teacher education and family–school partnerships in different contexts: A cross country analysis of national teacher education frameworks across a range of European countries

Abstract

Collaboration with parents is widely regarded as important in the education of children and young people, yet teachers rarely feel sufficiently prepared for this task. Several studies indicate that initial teacher education (ITE) programmes struggle to address issues of family–school partnerships (FSP). Our purpose in this study was to assess whether national ITE frameworks in seven European countries enable or constrain effective FSP preparation for preservice teachers. Our data, drawn from document analysis and national surveys, suggests that, despite the importance officially attributed to FSP at both governmental and ITE institutional levels, no single country presents a satisfactory picture in terms of FSP provision within their ITE programmes or in the extent to which preservice teachers are prepared to deal with the issue. Regardless of the existence (or not) of a national curriculum and variations, both in terms of legally-required competences and the amount of attention given to FSP in ITE programmes, it appears that simply making FSP compulsory is not the solution. Nor do national frameworks, in themselves, really appear to shape and direct the provision offered. Essentially FSP preparation still seems to depend upon the proclivities and expertise of individual teacher educators.     

试论唐代商人家庭的不稳定性

唐代商人家庭在情感、财产、社会地位等方面呈现出较大的不稳定性，从而使得其家庭的情感交流功能和经济功能均无法正常实现；虽在政治功能方面，其家庭先天赋予的贱粪身份在人们的观念中渐趋弱化，但终归退不过封建政权的束缚。     

唐代尼僧与世俗家庭的关系

按佛典规定 ,尼僧一旦出家就应断绝尘缘 ,与世俗家庭的关系自然也不复存在。但实际情况似乎并非如此。本文收集整理的唐代碑石和其他文献中的相关资料可以证明 ,唐代女子出家后依然被视为世俗家庭的成员 ,并与家庭、家族互为依存。唐代尼僧可以住家并参与家庭事务管理 ,死后亦可按俗法葬于家族墓地 ,至有“生归于佛 ,殁归于乡”、在迁化后葬归世俗家庭的现象发生。这生动地说明了中古中国佛教的中国化和世俗化倾向。     

Evaluation of Jigsaw,a cooperative learning technique

Cooperative learning techniques have been promoted for the development of academic and social competencies. One such technique, Jigsaw, creates cooperation by structuring student interdependence through the learning task, rather than through the grading system. A process and outcome evaluation of Jigsaw was conducted. Eleven teachers of fifth-grade classes received Jigsaw in-service training and conducted Jigsaw in their classes over a school year. Students in 13 other fifth-grade classes served as a comparison group. Students received a pretest and a post-test assessing attitudes toward self, peers, and school, and achievement and attendance records were collected. The process evaluation revealed that the quality and frequency of Jigsaw implementation varied greatly. Jigsaw failed to have a positive effect on the outcome variables, even for the five classes where it was implemented proficiently. The results, which are consistent with an earlier study (J. Moskowitz, J. Malvin, G. Schaeffer, & E. Schaps, 1983, American Education Research Journal, 20, 687–696), are discussed in terms of a theoretical shortcoming of this technique.