Assessments to evaluate bilinguals: The overdue discussion of the deaf and hard of hearing student population in the United States

Assessment is a major part of the United States schooling system. Legal requirements make assessment a large part of practitioner responsibilities. The significance of assessment is, even more, the case for special populations such as bilingual hearing and Deaf and Hard of Hearing students, groups that are often the target of concern for English language development delays, differences, and/or disorders. In this article, we discuss the issues around assessing the language of Deaf and Hard of Hearing bilingual students in the United States. We highlight parallels between Deaf Education and hearing bilingual education in regard to language assessment, as well as discuss important distinctions such as the placement of Deaf Education within Special Education and working with two or more language modalities (e.g., signed, spoken, and written). In addition, alternative language assessment practices are discussed. We close this article by proposing ways for practitioners to satisfy legal and field mandates to assess Deaf and Hard of Hearing students while also applying best practices for assessing language skills in bilingual populations.     

Study on Farmers' Issues in Thomas Hardy's Novels

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信息网络正在开辟一个新的时代。网络不仅是一种新技术媒介,而且影响着我们生活的方方面面,既给人们带来了巨大的好处,又给现有的伦理带来了前所未有的威胁和挑战。因此,构建新的网络伦理规范势在必行,我们必须确立一系列基本原则,采取一系列有效措施,从而建立起适应网络伦理关系要求的新伦理观。     

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