“定位政治”——一种女权主义认识论

艾德里安娜·里奇的《关于定位政治的笔记》一文所阐述的"定位政治"是打开女性自由可能性的一扇窗户。"定位政治"是女权主义认识论——立场论的反映,它意味着作为女性个体的主体性得以张扬。重视女性群体内部不同的定位无疑是一种对以单一性别为支点进行批判的性别论的超越,尽管这种超越是有限的,但是"定位政治"的提出的确真实地反映了女性缺乏足够群体自我认同以及盲目自我认同的现状。     

女性主义与休闲运动

通过对女性主义与休闲运动的研究,阐述女性主义与休闲运动的联系以及女性主义的休闲运动观,从而为女性休闲运动的发展提供一定的理论依据。     

‘It's actually very normal that I'm different’. How physically disabled youth discursively construct and position their body/self

In this paper, we explore how physically disabled youth who participate in mainstream education discursively construct and position themselves in relation to dominant discourses about sport and physicality that mark their bodies as ‘abnormal’ and ‘deviant’. We employ a feminist poststructuralist perspective to analyze the narratives about sport, physical education (PE), the body and self of four physically disabled Dutch youngsters. Our results indicate that although dominant societal discourses about sport and physicality construct disabled bodies as deviant, vulnerable and lacking and the disabled as ‘abnormal’, these youth constructed the self as ‘normal’. However, they did so in different ways. One of the interviewees used the alternative discourse ‘everyone is different, everyone is normal’ to position her disabled self as different and normal simultaneously. Hereby she resisted dominant notions about the abled body embedded in discourses about sport and physicality. This act of resistance enabled her to accept her disability as part of her self. Others normalized their disabled bodies by attempting to pass as able-bodied. They tried to minimize and/or hide their disability and in this manner reproduced ableist discourses about sport and physicality. Our interviewees also engaged in various performative acts of resistance. They challenged these dominant discourses by strategically using the possibilities a different/disabled self provided them. Overall the data indicate the important role that visible signifiers of disability played in the exclusionary practices that these disabled youth encountered and the subject positions they could claim. Since alternative constructions and positionings regarding the abled/normal body suggest ways in which the dominance of ableism may be disrupted, we conclude with an emphasis on the need for future research that explores such alternatives.     

The “Reasonably Bright Girls”: Accessing Agency in the Technical Communication Workplace through Interactional Power

Women continue to face difficulties in the technical and professional communication (TPC) workplace for a myriad of reasons. However, they are not powerless, and interviews with 39 female practitioners of TPC reveal that they use interactional power to maneuver within and around the system of the traditional workplace to solve problems of devaluation, exclusion, harassment, and siloing. A key aspect of being able to navigate power through interaction is becoming aware of the context in which power struggles take place and then using that knowledge to design new participation. Women who claim agency in the workplace understand that power is not possessed, but that they can access resources to participate in power shifts and dynamics.     

Feminist-Bureaucratic Control and Other Adversarial Allies: Extending Organized Dissonance to the Practice of “New” Forms1 A previous version of this paper received a Top Paper award from the National Communication Association's Organizational Communication Division.

This paper reconsiders the usual contrast between “old” and “new” organizational forms, exploring what happens when postbureaucratic control meets bureaucratic formalization. It develops earlier work on “organized dissonance,” first, by recasting postbureaucratic practice as a hybrid of contrary forms. The paper then situates feminist bureaucracy as a usual, rather than exceptional, case of postbureaucratic practice. Through qualitative analysis, it demonstrates how members of a feminist community merged opposing forms of control to manage three tensions endemic to postbureaucratic organizing: (1) homogeneity–heterogeneity, (2) moral–instrumental aims, and (3) formalized/universal–unobtrusive/particular control. Simultaneously, the analysis models an approach to theorizing organizational forms that moves beyond stylized typologies of structural features and toward grounded frameworks that honor the dialectical texture of communication practice. Ultimately, the paper repositions feminist contributions to the study of organizational form by minimizing claims to distinctiveness, emphasizing shared interests across forms of organizing, and considering what all scholars of form might learn from feminism's rich legacy of “practicing” postbureaucracy.     

Redefining Hijab: American Muslim Women's Standpoints on Veiling

Feminist standpoint theory suggests that, although powerful discourses attempt to define women on the “margins” of society, women's cultural positions provide them with heightened understandings of the contradictions between their experiences and the ways the dominant group defines them. Thus, while many Americans believe hijab—also called a “veil” or “headscarf”—functions to oppress women, veiled women probably possess alternative understandings. In this study, 13 veiled American Muslim women share their experiences, and under the lens of standpoint theory, the participants’ definition of hijab emerges. Specifically, the women inscribe hijab with meanings shaped by their unique cultural standpoints. Hijab functions to define Muslim identity, perform a behavior check, resist sexual objectification, afford more respect, preserve intimate relationships, and provide freedom.     

Sexual Harassment as [Dys]Functional Process: A Feminist Standpoint Analysis

Researchers have approached the study of sexual harassment as though it were dysfunctional. However, a feminist standpoint theory analysis would suggest that it functions differently for men and women. A study using discussion groups and stimulated recall interviews was conducted in a large health care organization. A thematic analysis revealed a primary theme of sexual harassment as a [dys]functional process. For the male participants, sexual behavior served as a coping mechanism for stress, as a form of therapeutic care, and to create and demonstrate camaraderie. For the women participants, sexual behavior tended to be either nonfunctional or dysfunctional. They did not associate it with stress reduction, therapeutic touch, and viewed group camaraderie as a means of prevention. Implications are discussed.     

Feminist Epistemology and Qualitative Research

Abstract

This paper presents and evaluates an approach to teaching practicing social workers in Hong Kong qualitative research from a feminist perspective. Using a problem-based format, graduate social workers in Hong Kong were taught critical appraisal skills while learning to do qualitative interview research in their practices. While the problem-based design supports models of adult learning and is a successful method for teaching new research skills to a diverse student body, linking epistemology with methodology and practice was a challenge in the cross-cultural context for both students and instructor.     

A Trickster-Like Woman: Subversive Imagining and Narrating of Social Change

The rich diversity among women has long challenged feminist rhetorical study to go beyond essentialism and universalism. Current feminist rhetorical study commits itself to theoretical pluralism, political inclusiveness, and the democratic values of equality for all peoples. However, the attention to the difference-between women and the simultaneity of oppressions has also fragmented women's identity and their social-change agenda. The essay performs a rhetorical analysis of a feminist text, in which a new position of women as trickster-like figures is introduced. The essay concludes that the open and shifting locations taken by trickster-like figures warrant trickster discourse to be the dynamic, open, and radical narrative form needed for the feminist social-change agenda. As such, trickster discourse, along with trickster-like figures, can have significant implications for feminist praxis and theorizing.     

试论女性主义文学批评及其发展过程

女性主义文艺批评是运用女性批评理论来解释和解剖文学作品的一种批评。换句话来说,它是用以女性意识为中心,来解释文学现象和文化现象的批评模式。女性主义批评家重视自身拥有的思维习惯和责任,体现了女性主文艺义批评的创造性及其在理论上的一马当先。西方文论对女性主义文艺批评的发展起到重大影响。女性主义文艺批评始终跟随者女性主义运动及其而发生的女性主义文学。本文简要论述女性主义文艺批评及其发展问题。