党风廉政建设视域中的党内“两询”制度试点状况述评

党的十六大以来,对党风廉政建设和党内监督制度进行了积极有益的探索和实践,特别是对党内询问、质询(合称"两询")的积极试点,对党风廉政建设的推进取得了不少着实难得的成就和经验。发展完善以党内"两询"为代表的党内监督制度,树立党员在党内的主体地位,对推进党风廉政建设有重要意义。     

论过错原则下的体育损害责任

体育运动是带有一定固有风险的人类活动。体育运动要求侵权法在保证运动自由和救济损害之间实现平衡。自甘风险作为英、美法系惯常使用的抗辩事由,推定受害人对运动风险的识别和自愿承受。虽然保障了运动自由,但是不利于损害救济的实现,难以满足我国和谐发展体育事业的宗旨和促进法治进程的现实需要。传统的过错责任具有内在的灵活性和外在的普遍适用性,也是我国当前解决体育损害的法定归责原则。通过对善良家父标准（一般注意义务）的专业化,即善良运动者的注意义务,实现在体育运动的特殊情境下对行为人体育行为适当性的合理判断。处理体育损害,应借鉴自甘风险制度对运动固有风险的合理预判,根据个案设定善良运动者的勤谨注意义务,考察过错的有无,判定行为人是否应就体育损害承担侵权损害赔偿责任以及承担责任的范围。对于双方均无过错的体育损害,可以借助公平责任的特殊规定适当分担损害,从而实现运动自由与损害救济之间的平衡与双赢。在弘扬体育精神,发展体育事业的同时,切实有效的保障每个人的合法权益。     

实二次型正定性的一个判定定理的又一种证明

给出下列定理的又一种证明:一个实二次型是正定的当且仅当它的矩阵的一切顺序主子式全大于零。     

安徽省服务贸易的影响因素检验:1995-2013

基于安徽省1995－2013年的年度数据,首先采用主成分分析法从选取的多维变量中得到代表变量信息的主要因素,以消除解释变量间的多重共线性。其次通过回归分析法对影响安徽省服务贸易的因素进行实证分析。结果显示：安徽省人均GDP、安徽省货物贸易进出口额、安徽省实际利用外资金额、人力资本、安徽省服务贸易开放度、安徽省居民消费价格指数、安徽省城市化水平和汇率均与服务贸易额呈正相关。并在此基础上提出发展安徽省服务贸易的对策建议。     

An Australian perspective on school leadership preparation and development: credentials or self-management?

This paper provides a review of school leadership preparation and development in Australia through considering the requirements for becoming a principal, how leadership preparation and development occurs, and consideration of recent developments to provide an Australian standard for school leaders. Australian educators have relied mostly on a self-identification and self-managed system in which individuals decide that they want to pursue leadership opportunities and then seek out the support and experiences to help them. Support is available and provided through system, university, and service organization programmes, and the support of colleagues and senior leaders in schools. Whilst there is an extensive range of support provided by systems, universities and service organizations, there is little evidence of their impact on schools. At the school level there needs to be far greater support in identifying and developing leaders. Developments in creating a national leadership standard might lead to some type of credentialing programme that could allow individuals to benchmark their development, and ensure that preparation and support programmes are of the highest quality. An alternative view is to reinforce greater individual responsibility for leadership development and career progress, encourage schools and systems to focus less on individual leadership and more on collective leadership, and consider more innovative ways of providing leadership development.     

Teacher change beliefs: validating a scale with structural equation modelling

The objectives of the study were to validate a substantiated Teacher Change Beliefs Model (TCBM) and an instrument to identify critical components of teacher change beliefs (TCB) in Malaysian secondary schools. Five different pilot test approaches were applied to ensure the validity and reliability of the instrument. A total of 936 teachers from 47 high-performing secondary schools completed the survey. Structural equation modelling was applied to test the models. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to identify the underlying factors, whereas confirmatory factor analysis was applied to test the measurement models. The analysis yielded a three-factor TCBM: (1) discrepancy, (2) efficacy and (3) principal support. The results demonstrated a good fit of the model: normed χ² = 3.156, Tucker-Lewis Fix Index = .987, Comparative Fix Index = .991 and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = .048. The results also provided evidence for convergent validity, discriminant validity and construct reliability. The TCBM is an empirically tested model derived in a local Malaysian cultural education setting. It provides direction for practitioners in planning and designing training programmes of change management for school principals in the enhancement of TCB among teachers in schools. Besides, Teacher Change Beliefs Scale is a promising and welcome tool for both practitioners and researchers. With only nine items, it is easy to administer and not time-consuming.     

How do principals make sense of school leadership in Norwegian reorganised leadership teams?

A growing body of research has emphasised the importance of school leadership practice for quality improvement in schools. Yet, little attention has been paid to the investigation of how principals reshape their leadership role and leadership practices when schools reorganise the leadership team with the purpose of increasing the number of formally assigned leaders. As such, this study provides additional insight into how moments of transitions may reshape institutional logics regarding principal leadership practice. Drawing on interviews and contextual observations of five principals in lower secondary schools, framed within a distributed perspective and theory of sense-making, we address this issue by demonstrating that regulative changes influence the normative and cognitive aspects of institutions. We argue that principals re-conceptualise leadership when they move from being solo leaders to sharing leadership, and this allows for subjective interpretations. We have identified two approaches for principal leadership practice which the reorganised leadership team can provide – the exchanging information – and collaborative discussion approaches.     

Instructional leadership practices in Singapore

This paper presents a review of the literature on principal instructional leadership in Singapore. The authors investigated the dimensions of instructional leadership in the practices of Singapore principals and highlighted the strategies these leaders adopt to enact their instructional roles. Singapore principals were found to play an active role in defining the school vision and promoting the school climate. However, in the areas of curriculum implementation and classroom instruction, the middle management team in the school played more active roles as compared to principals. Five broad conclusions were discussed to provide perspectives on instructional leadership practices in Singapore. This paper also highlighted limitations on current instructional leadership research in Singapore and pointed to areas of future research.     

Politics,religion and social connections: pillars for progression among primary teachers in Jamaica

Perceptions about teacher progression among Jamaica's primary schoolteachers should force society to stop and ask itself several questions. Are these perceptions accurate? If not, how did these perceptions emerge and what can national leaders and those in positions of authority do to ‘manage’ if not resolve these perceptions? If there is any truth to them, a different set of questions need to be asked. How did things come to be like this? How can the perception of corruption and mistrust be minimised? What will be done differently going forward? Either way, there is a more fundamental question: Do the current perceptions among teachers mirror perceptions in other areas of public service? The answers to these questions are not easy. The main aim of this small-scale qualitative exploratory study was to identify and understand the perceptions of primary schoolteachers in Jamaica as regards progression to the rank of principal. The findings point to a number of perceived barriers including religious affiliation, political affiliation, ministry- and school-level politicking, social connections and predetermined outcomes. This study concludes that promotion on any basis other than merit is problematic and does not promote trust, openness and transparency, nor does it build confidence in those who are part of the system but themselves do not have such connections and/or affiliations.     

大学生的阅读需求与馆藏建设

通过对上海电机学院图书馆2011年图书流通清单数据的挖掘和分析,提出了大学生阅读需求的主分量分析与提取方法.比较了常用的“使用效率”和新建议的“加权使用效率”提取大学生阅读需求主分量方法的结果,认为该方法是提取大学生阅读需求主分量的更好方法.根据本科生阅读需求,提出一种改善馆藏结构以适应该需求的方法.