国际图联未成年人服务行业协调机制研究

国际图联是图书馆行业规模最大的专业性组织,对未成年人服务发展有着重要影响。本文主要采用案例研究法,从行业协调组织建设、行业制度性文件研制、服务项目建设以及对外合作交流等方面,梳理国际图联在未成年人服务主题领域下的行业协调工作体系,以期为我国未成年人公共文化服务行业协会的建设提供借鉴。     

Development and Implementation of the Inaugural Anatomy Education Research Institute (AERI 2017)

Education research is increasingly being recognized as a legitimate route for faculty development in universities. However, many anatomy faculty lack the appropriate training and access to experienced mentors who can help them develop their own education research projects. Inspired by the American Physiological Society’s Institute for Teaching and Learning, the coauthors proposed and developed the inaugural Anatomy Education Research Institute (AERI 2017). Funded by an American Association of Anatomists Innovations grant, the five-day institute was held in Bloomington, Indiana in July 2017. The coauthors spent two years preparing the conference schedule, inviting speakers who could discuss education research topics and mentor applicants, reviewing applications, developing assessment instruments for the institute, and hosting the institute. A total of 62 registered participants (applicants and invited speakers) attended AERI 2017. Through a series of presentations and workshops, participants were introduced to many aspects of education research and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, including developing rigorous education research questions, determining appropriate methods to assess these questions, and searching the education research literature. Each day also included regular time devoted to work on their own education research project with help from more experienced mentors. Throughout the conference, participants were encouraged to post information on Twitter, using the hashtag #AERI2017. Participants had strong positive impressions of the conference and strongly requested future AERI conferences be held. Follow-up analyses will assess the institute in alignment with Kirkpatrick’s Four Levels of Evaluation Model, though preliminary evaluation indicates AERI 2017 met the original aims of the proposal.     

德国的体育与媒介：德国足球与体育媒介的里程碑和基本事实

体育在德国大众传媒中占据非常重要的地位。从报纸到广播电视再到新媒体时代,体育都是媒介内容中的重要元素。足球更是占据了体育内容中的核心地位。体育是如何被大众媒介转变的,大众媒介如何受到体育的影响,一直是媒介研究的核心内容之一。在德国电视史上,收视率排名前十位的节目全部是有德国队参加的世界杯和欧洲杯足球赛的赛事转播,其中收视率最高的是于2014年7月13日举行的巴西世界杯决赛德国队与阿根廷队之间的较量,超过三千万德国民众收看了这场比赛的电视转播。因此,世界杯足球赛对于德国社会和体育新闻而言具有重要的影响。研究梳理了德国足球的发展史,以作者主编的《2011国际体育媒介调查》中的数据为依托,以从1994年美国世界杯开始到2014年巴西世界杯期间20年中的世界杯和欧洲杯足球赛为主要研究对象。
　　通过对比,研究发现了不少转变：例如1994年世界杯时,德国电视台转播一场足球比赛的时间是219分钟,到2014年世界杯时已经提升到550分钟。转播过程中比赛所占的比例从1994年的49%下降到2014年的23%。德国民众对体育尤其是足球的狂热,每年可以带来30亿欧元的商业赞助。《2011国际体育媒介调查》在对世界五大洲23个国家和地区81家平面媒体的18340篇文章展开的大数据分析研究发现,受关注度最高的项目依次是足球、网球、英式橄榄球、曲棍球、冰球、自行车、篮球、澳式橄榄球、高尔夫球和马术比赛,其中足球一项就占据41%的比例,网球和英式橄榄球的比例分别为8%和5%。另一方面,撰写体育新闻的平面媒体记者中90%以上为男性。此外,在足球占据体育报道的比例上,罗马尼亚、葡萄牙、巴西、希腊、德国、波兰、苏格兰、南非、法国和瑞士是最高的,其中罗马尼亚媒体报道的比例高达85%。     

资源依赖视角下单项体育协会人力资源困境的破解

单项体育协会由于物质激励、职业发展激励不足,长期存在着专职人员短缺、年轻化和高层次人才匮乏等问题.政社脱钩关于人事分离的相关规定更加剧了单项体育协会人力资源困境.资源依赖理论视角下,破解单项体育协会的人力资源困境有两种思路,一是通过主动承接政府转移职能、承接政府购买公共体育服务、开展有偿经营性服务活动等方式增加单项体育...     

职业足球改革困境：一种非均衡国家治理模式的反思

运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,从非均衡国家治理角度对我国职业足球改革面临的困境进行研究。通过梳理相关文献提出,当前国家治理模式具有非均衡性,存在各主体参与失范、治理权责分配失衡的问题,市场、社会、个人主体话语权较弱、参与性不足,形成了较强的政府依赖路径。对职业足球改革各主体之间的关系进行阐述,认为政府和足协是改革话语权的掌握者和资源的分配者,其他主体参与改革作用较小。指出,尚未明确职业足球的发展动机、足协组织能力与管理效能不足、各主体缺乏有效联系与合作是非均衡国家治理模式的具体表现;政府的非市场手段治理、市场失灵与第三部门失灵、个体意识与自我治理不足是其深层次原因。在此基础上提出相应的发展对策。     

The determinants of the intention to continue voluntary football refereeing

Competitive sports require a regulating body of referees to enforce the rules for the effective operation of the game. However, the number of referees is generally decreasing, leading to organisational problems at the amateur level. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that determine the intention to continue voluntary refereeing in the context of football in Germany. Combining several concepts as predictors, including both the antecedents and the experience of volunteering, in this study, the authors extend the understanding about volunteers’ intentions to continue their activity and address the research gap regarding the analyses of specific volunteer groups such as referees. By means of an online questionnaire, the authors surveyed voluntary football referees in Germany (n = 4541). Regression analysis reveals the motive of self-orientation, respect shown by athletes, coaches, and spectators towards referees, compatibility of refereeing with one’s occupational and private life, perceived organisational support, and referees’ satisfaction to predict referees’ positive intention to continue with their activity. Simultaneously, experiences of offences during refereeing negatively influence this intention, and younger referees show higher intentions to continue their activity than do older referees. Because volunteer recruitment and retention are expensive, the findings of this study facilitate the improvement of effective retention strategies for the federations responsible for referees.     

An exploration of young professional football players’ perceptions of the talent development process in England

The identification and development of players in English professional football has become an increasingly significant topic of debate given the historical perceived underperformance of the English national team at international tournaments. To enhance understanding of the challenges and barriers experienced by English youth footballers, the authors explore the developmental experiences of English professional football players from different levels of the English football pyramid. Professional players (N = 11) from football clubs in the top four professional divisions in England took part in individual semi-structured interviews, which were analysed inductively using thematic analysis. The data revealed three interrelated themes that were perceived to mediate player identification and development pathways at professional clubs. Pathways for young players to progress and experience first-team competitive football differed when the level of the league that the players operated within was considered, with significant issues also raised relating to the suitability of the under 21 league structure, the importance attached to the educational welfare of young players, and variations in the identification of player attributes. This study sheds new light on the priorities and processes of talent development and education provision in English football.     

从差序格局到扩展的差序格局——关于中国社会关系结构变迁解释的理论述评

作为传统社会关系结构的差序格局,发展到现代社会已经发生了很大的变化,集中体现在：以伦理为基础的差序格局纳入情感、理性因素,差序格局的范围在扩大,差序格局呈现横向和纵向的立体结构,＂城市版＂的差序格局以及具有时-空意识的＂差序场＂。自利益进入差序格局后,人际关系的等级原则在逐渐弱化,理性化的人际关系正在淡化中国的社会关系结构,出现了＂工具性差序格局＂、＂紧缩圈层＂、＂内核-外围＂、＂逆差序格局＂等理性化的社会关系结构。现代中国社会人际关系的发展虽注入了现代的因素,但依然以传统伦理为根基,并非完全理性选择的结果。     

全美高校竞技体育联合会的管理原则

根据全美高校竞技体育职合会１９９６年的改革方案及发展宗旨,全美高校竞技体育 合会确立了大不自我控制和全权负责、学生运动员身心健康、男女平等、学术标准、服从规则、公平竞赛、业余体育、招生条例、资格审查、经费资助等１６条基本的管理原则,为今天全美高校竞技体育联合会的蓬勃发展奠定了理论基础。