‘Being’ in the coaching world: new insights on youth performance coaching from an interpretative phenomenological approach

Since Heidegger's influential text; Being and time (1927/2005), the phenomenological question of what it means to ‘be’ has generated a vast body of work. This paper reports data from a phenomenological study that investigated what it means to ‘be’ a youth performance coach. An overview of the interpretive phenomenological methods used is followed by presentation of coaches and data. Data analysis resulted in the identification of three constituent ‘essences’ of youth performance coaching: (i) care; (ii) a commitment to educate athletes authentically for corporeal challenges to come; and (iii) working with others to achieve a specialised corporeal excellence. The three identified essences manifest themselves in a broad lifeworld that includes settings on and off the field of play (FOP). Given the very different insights into the practice of coaching that emerge from this study, we argue it would be useful for future studies of coaching practice and coach education to extend their focus to take into account coaches' wider lives both on and off the FOP. We also argue for further exploration of coaching by drawing on phenomenological concepts such as care and relationality.     

Youth multi-sport events in Austria: tourism strategy or just a coincidence?

Impact and legacy research of touristic issues has become more popular with the appearance of manifold approaches to examining tourism. In recent years, the region of Western Austria has successfully staged multi-sport youth events, with two being staged in Innsbruck, Tyrol (YOG 2012; ICG 2016) and one in the region of Montafon, Vorarlberg (EYOF, 2015). This leads to the assumption that the high frequency of youth sports events in these regions necessitates and therefore also follows a set hosting policy or at least a strategic approach to event bidding and staging. To examine these assumptions, a mix of desk research and qualitative interviews was chosen, encompassing bidding files, final reports, official tourism statistics, press releases from tourism boards, political working papers, internal documents and interviews with organising committee members, event experts and political representatives. Staging youth sports events is found to have left legacies in Western Austria such as generating immediate overnight stays in the low season and creating a positive image for the host regions, depending on the frequency with which events are staged and affirming the purpose of using events to boost tourism. The host areas lacked a written (youth sport) strategy and unexpectedly, the existing strategies do not include the youth sports events. However, it can be assumed in the case of Innsbruck that a hidden event strategy exists. In conclusion, the study reveals the importance of sharing events and their benefits among the various local stakeholders, thus branding the region as a host city.     

Evidence of sub-optimal sleep in adolescent Middle Eastern academy soccer players which is exacerbated by sleep intermission proximal to dawn†

The purpose was to assess sleep patterns, quantity and quality in adolescent (16.2?±?1.2 yr) Middle Eastern academy soccer players (n?=?20) and the influence of an intermission upon these characteristics. On a 17-day training camp (located one time zone west of home) including three discrete matches, sleep was assessed pre- (PRE) and post-match (POST) via wrist actigraphy. Retrospective actigraphy analysis identified sleep characteristics, including if players experienced a sleep intermission (YES) or not (NO) proximal to dawn, and bedtime (hh:mm), get-up time (hh:mm), time in bed (h), sleep duration (h) and sleep efficiency (%). Within YES two bouts were identified (BOUT1 and BOUT2). No differences were seen between PRE and POST, nor between BOUT1 and BOUT2 (p?>?.05). Overall players did not meet National Sleep Foundation (NSF) guidelines (7:04?±?1:16?h vs. recommended 8–10?h for 14–17 yr). Sleep duration was significantly reduced (～ ?13% or ?1:06) in YES compared to NO (6:33?±?1:05 vs. 7:29?±?1:17, p?<?.01). Despite players in YES waking earlier due to an intermission, they did not compensate for this with a later wake time, rising significantly earlier compared to NO (09:40?±?00:38 vs. 10:13?±?00:40, p?<?.05). These players on average do not obtain sufficient sleep durations relative to NSF guidelines, with decrements increased by an intermission proximal to dawn. High inter- and intra-individual variance in the players sleep characteristics indicates the need for individualized sleep education strategies and interventions to promote appropriate sleep.     

Assessing practice-based influences on adolescent psychosocial development in sport: the activity context in youth sport questionnaire

The aim of this study was to provide initial evidence of validity and reliability of scores derived from the Activity Context in Youth Sport Questionnaire (ACYSQ), an instrument designed to offer a comprehensive assessment of the activities adolescents take part in during sport practices. Two studies were designed for the purposes of item development and selection, and to provide evidence of structural and criterion validity of ACYSQ scores, respectively (N = 334; M age = 14.93, SD = 1.76 years). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the adequacy of a 20-item ACYSQ measurement model, which was invariant across gender, and comprised the following dimensions: (1) stimulation; (2) usefulness-value; (3) authenticity; (4) repetition-boredom; and (5) ineffectiveness. Internal consistency reliability estimates and composite reliability estimates for ACYSQ subscale scores ranged from 0.72 to 0.91. In regression analyses, stimulation predicted enjoyment and perceived competence, ineffectiveness was significantly associated with perceived competence and authenticity emerged as a predictor of commitment in sport. These findings indicate that the ACYSQ displays adequate psychometric properties and the use of the instrument may be useful for studying selected activity-based features of the practice environment and their motivational consequences in youth sport.     

Calibration of context-specific survey items to assess youth physical activity behaviour

This study tests calibration models to re-scale context-specific physical activity (PA) items to accelerometer-derived PA. A total of 195 4th–12th grades children wore an Actigraph monitor and completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ) one week later. The relative time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA_%) obtained from the Actigraph at recess, PE, lunch, after-school, evening and weekend was matched with a respective item score obtained from the PAQ’s. Item scores from 145 participants were calibrated against objective MVPA_% using multiple linear regression with age, and sex as additional predictors. Predicted minutes of MVPA for school, out-of-school and total week were tested in the remaining sample (n = 50) using equivalence testing. The results showed that PAQ β-weights ranged from 0.06 (lunch) to 4.94 (PE) MVPA_% (P < 0.05) and models root mean square error ranged from 4.2% (evening) to 20.2% (recess). When applied to an independent sample, differences between PAQ and accelerometer MVPA at school and out-of-school ranged from ?15.6 to +3.8 min and the PAQ was within 10–15% of accelerometer measured activity. This study demonstrated that context-specific items can be calibrated to predict minutes of MVPA in groups of youth during in- and out-of-school periods.     

安徽省青少年体校教练员训练评价素养现状与分析

青少年后备人才业余训练水平的高低主要取决于教练员的执教水平,而业余体校系统教练员在执教过程往往缺乏客观手段评价日常训练,因此青少年体校教练员主观执教评价素养显得尤其重要。通过对安徽省业余体校教练员训练评价素养进行调查研究,可以为提高业余体校教练员训练评价素养水平,增强指导业余训练水平,进而为新时期教练员队伍执教能力的建设提供理论支持和实践指导。     

如何培养学生终身体育意识

体育是德、智、体全面发展教育方针的重要组成部分,它是目民体育的基础,是全民健身运动的重要因素。如何体现学生的主体地位,培养学生终身体育意识,充分发挥学生的学习积极性和学习潜能,提高学生终身体育意识。     

上海市足球运动员体教结合培养模式的分析研究

目前上海市已基本形成了比较完善的体教结合领导体制,建立了由体育和教育两家共同参加的联席会议制度,随着上海市足球项目体教结合工作开展的不断深入,暴露出的一些问题,主要在领导体制、对政策的落实、培养体系、经费投入、师资力量等方面还需要继续加以改善。体育和教育部门的同志应在体教结合工作小组的领导下树立创新意识,积极完善现有的领导体制,充分发挥政策对工作实践的指导作用,建立科学高效的培养体系。     

中美青少年运动训练的差异及思考

根据"美国运动教育计划"及我国的运动训练学、教练员岗位培训、教育学和学校体育学等书籍和教材,比较两国青少年运动训练的目的、任务、思路、评价以及教练员工作等各方面的差异.美国青少年的训练目的是"运动员第一,胜利第二",而我国则更强调提高运动成绩,夺取比赛的胜利.美国青少年训练采用的比赛入门法,教授的基本思路是在比赛的基础上学习战术进而技术,而我国的训练思路则是在传授技术的基础上,让学生学习战术进而进行比赛.美国的教练员评价队员时,重点看他们是否努力比上次表现有所提高,而我国对运动训练评价的标准就是运动成绩.美国教练员的职责不仅是技战术教学,还帮助青少年运动员在生理和心理两方面做好准备,而我国运动训练中却过度强调教练员的主体地位,甚至把运动员机械地看作被控制的对象.中美两国虽然制度迥异,但美国青少年训练理念及教练员工作充分体现了运动员第一的思想,其在青少年运动训练方面的经验值得我国借鉴.     

省青少年篮球比赛中裁判员临场运动强度的研究

目的：本次研究拟测量不同级另0篮球裁判员在省青少年比赛中的心率数据,研究分析篮球裁判员在比赛中的心率分布特征,以了解其运动强度大小和特点。验证实验的可行性,为今后更深入的研究提供理论依据。对象及方法：在江苏省青少年篮球比赛期间,使用遥测心率表记录21名不同级别裁判员比赛中的心率。结果：实验得出篮球裁判员在省青少年比赛中平均心率主要分布于130—149次／分之间,约占总体的59％;裁判员在比赛中的最高心率超过200次／分以上者最多（约33％）。使用Karvone公式法评定时,半数以上裁判员的平均运动强度处于50％-69％的区间。最大心率法与Karvone公式法在评定时存在偏差,Karvolle公式法更客观的反映临场运动强度。