五十四年来明代土司研究取得的成绩

54年来,在＂中国文化热＂的驱动、刊物的支持、学者的努力和高校的培育下,明代土司政治文化研究取得了很大的成绩,形成8大研究板块和以土司为中心的地方史及民族史2个研究取向;但同时也还存在一些问题,应强化土司族别史研究,建立国家、社会分层体系、分类解读政治文化现象。     

问题与对策:城镇化进程中失地农民子女教育权益保障

随着我国城镇化进程的加速,失地农民子女的受教育权益越来越受到人们的关注。由于体制、家庭、经济、社会等原因,失地农民子女教育中存在的一些问题,如学业成绩不良、辍学现象严重等,已经开始影响新一代城市人素质。因此,强化政府职责,保障失地农民子女教育权益,不仅有利于促进教育公平,对构建和谐社会也具有重要的现实意义。     

箕裘相继——民间传统技艺家传制度研究

民间传统技艺家传制度自古有之且至今盛行。其相语以事,相示以功,相陈以巧,相高以智等独特传承范式,以及诚一,世业专攻一技;不肃而成,不劳而能;家人相一,父子戮力等精髓构成其存留且发展的合理性。但面对现代科学技术的发展,其制度本身在传承技艺精华、形成民族技艺品牌及传承模式等方面存在一定问题,需要与现代技术教育体系相结合,逐步拓展至多元模式传承。     

Adverse experiences in early childhood and their longitudinal impact on later behavioral problems of children living in poverty

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are an identified risk factor for the social and emotional development of children. What is less known is the long-term effects of ACEs when poverty and ACEs coincide.ObjectiveUsing longitudinal cohort-panel data, we examined whether exposure to ACEs by the age of three among poor children would longitudinally result in behavioral problems at ages three, five, nine, and 15, after controlling for mothers’ socioeconomic status and their children’s characteristics.Participants and settingWe used a subsample of 2750 children and their parents living in urban poverty from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study.MethodsLogistic regression modeling was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios of ACE categories predicting behavioral problems after accounting for family socioeconomic position.ResultsOur findings indicate that experiencing ACEs in early childhood was significantly associated with later behavioral outcomes from childhood to adolescence. Exposure to multiple ACEs before the age of three was significantly associated with the top-risk behavior group at age five; the odd ratios were 2.0 (CI = 1.3–3.1) and 2.9 (CI = 1.8–4.6) for two ACEs and three or more ACEs, respectively. At both ages nine and 15, children experiencing two or more ACEs had 1.9 to 3.2 times higher odds to demonstrate more the top 10th percentile of behavioral problems. Among covariates, mothers’ race and education, and children’s gender and temperament were identified as significant factors to determine behavior problems.ConclusionsThe findings support policies and programs for families with children who have experienced economic disadvantages and early childhood adversity.     

The Centre for Studies in Science Education at the University of Leeds

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of aesthetic science activities on improving elementary school at-risk families’ children's positive thinking, attitudes toward science, and decreasing their anxiety about learning science. Thirty-six 4th-grade children from at-risk families volunteered to participate in a 12-week intervention and formed the experimental group; another 97 typical 4th graders were randomly selected to participant in the assessment and were used as the comparison group. The treatment for experimental group children emphasized scaffolding aesthetic science activities and inquiry strategies. The Elementary School Student Questionnaire was administered to assess all children's positive thinking, attitudes toward science, and anxiety about learning science. In addition, nine target children from the experimental group with the lowest scores on either positive thinking, or attitudes toward science, or with the highest scores on anxiety about learning science in the pre-test were recruited to be interviewed at the end of the intervention and observed weekly. Confirmatory factor analyses, analyses of covariance, and content theme analysis assessed the similarities and differences between groups. It was found that the at-risk families’ children were motivated by the treatment and made significant progress on positive thinking and attitudes toward science, and also decreased their anxiety about learning science. The findings from interviews and classroom observations also revealed that the intervention made differences in children's affective perceptions of learning science. Implication and research recommendation are discussed.     

一类半线性积分方程的Stepanov型μ-伪概自守解

通过运用Stepanov型μ-伪概自守函数的概念,研究半线性积分方程在Banach空间中关于有界解的一些新的存在性结果。首先建立了这类函数的新的组合定理,并且通过这类函数的遍历性和组合定理,结合积分预解族的定义和性质,利用不动点定理和压缩原理得到半线性积分方程的μ-伪概自守解的存在唯一结果的主要结论。     

流动儿童学前教育选择:家庭社会经济背景及迁移状况的影响

流动人口子女入园难问题较为突出。本研究从家庭社会经济背景及迁移状况的视角探讨适龄流动儿童接受学前教育的选择问题。使用CFPS(2010)数据,本研究用Logit模型,估计了不同特征的流动儿童家庭为其子女选择接受学前教育的发生概率。研究发现,农业户籍、跨省迁移的家庭随迁子女入园机会更低;有教育储蓄的家庭,其随迁子女入园机会更高;而父母高学历、与子女同住等因素也会在一定程度上提高流动儿童的入园机会。户籍仍是制约流动儿童入园的关键因素。我们据此明示了相应的政策启示。     

Disability,Stigma and Otherness: Perspectives of Parents and Teachers

This qualitative study explored the perspectives of parents and teachers in the US with regard to the meaning and implications of disability in the context of schoolling, and of raising a child with a disability. The findings revealed broad conceptual differences in the perspectives of these two groups. Teachers’ beliefs were generally consistent with medical model perspectives on disability as biologically defined. Parents’ interpretations, more aligned with a sociocultural paradigm, were situated in the cultural meanings ascribed to disability and linked with issues of stigma, marginalisation and access. The findings also revealed the existence of master narratives on families of children with disabilities, entrenched in assumptions of pathological functioning and negative outcomes among these families. Implications for professional–family partnerships in the education of students with disabilities are discussed.     

Teacher perspectives on partnerships on families of children with autism

The success of students with disabilities in school and community largely relies on productive family professional partnerships (FPPs). The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2004) recognises the importance of family collaboration to student success by mandating that parents be involved in the Individualised Education Plan (IEP) process as full team members. While several previous studies examined the perspectives of parents of children with disabilities on partnerships with educators, less research exists on teacher perspectives on family professional collaborations. Additionally, there are even fewer studies that focus on teacher perspectives on partnerships with parents of children with autism, a disability category which continues to increase in prevalence. The present study contributes to the literature by examining teacher perspectives on factors that build and hinder positive partnerships with families of children with autism. Researchers surveyed 25 Special Education teachers and conducted additional individual interviews and open-ended questionnaires to examine teachers' first-hand experiences. Findings identified four common themes that educators felt helped and hindered collaborative relationships with families. Study results may lead to the development of specific family professional collaboration strategies that can be implemented and discussed in school districts, teacher trainings, pre-service teacher education programs and family workshops.