Field Practice in La Mixteca: Transnational Teacher Education in the Service of Mexican Indigenous Students in U.S. Schools

Initial research has documented the ill treatment suffered by Mexican indigenous students in U.S. schools. Using a framework of transnational teacher education, we examined the impact of field practice in an indigenous area of Mexico on teacher candidates. Candidates showed growth in new understandings, such as their role as bilingual teachers in terms of validating students’ cultures and their sense of global interconnectedness with transnational students and communities. Applied classroom projects several months after field practice showed a similar impact, beginning to make the case that transnational field practice can also positively influence the academic performance of the candidates’ future students.     

空巢家庭问题探析

本文分别从空巢家庭现象、成因分析及其面临的困难与对策对空巢家庭问题进行了研究和探析。首先,文章界定“空巢家庭”的含义,并分别以年龄特征、空巢家庭中的人数、子女情况为依据对空巢家庭加以分类,同时,介绍了该现象在现代西方国家的情况,并以2004年9月对北京大学离退休人员空巢家庭情况的调查为例简要描述我国的情况。其次,文章从个人、家庭、社会三个方面分析空巢家庭在现代社会中逐渐成为一种独立的家庭类型的原因。最后,文章指出老年群体是社会人口中相对脆弱的群体,进而从经济问题、日常生活困难、精神和情感需求、以及养老问题四个层面说明社区养老的重要性与必要性。     

浅谈高校贫困生的心理问题及对策

高校贫困生作为高校的一个特殊群体, 有着自己独特的心理特点。有针对性地对他们进行心理健康教育, 帮助他们健康成长, 应引起学校的高度重视。     

唐宋逃户与社会流动关系研究

逃户问题历来是我国封建社会普遍存在的一个社会现象。唐宋时期逃户现象依然十分严重,但这一时期的统治者迫于形势,在民户逃移政策上已由原来的政治强制为主转变为经济鼓励为主,在户籍制度上也做了相应的调整。正是基于此,民户的迁徙自由在一定程度上得以实现,使社会流动成为可能。     

Fathers’ perpetration of intimate partner violence and parenting during early childhood: Results from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study

BackgroundExperiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization negatively impact maternal parenting. However, little is known about the association between fathers’ perpetration of IPV and paternal parenting.ObjectiveTo examine associations between fathers’ IPV perpetration against the child’s mother and fathers’ stimulation and spanking practices with their young child.Participants and SettingWe used two waves of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study in the United States. The analytic sample comprised of 2,257 biological fathers who had been in a romantic relationship with the child’s mother.MethodsFathers’ IPV perpetration at year 1 and 3 was measured based on maternal report. Fathers were categorized into: never perpetrators (no IPV at either year), persisters (IPV at both years), desisters (IPV at year 1 only), and emergers (IPV at year 3 only). Fathers’ parenting at year 3 was measured based on self-reported stimulation (e.g., reading books, playing games, telling stories) and spanking.ResultsApproximately one-third of fathers never perpetrated IPV, 35.8% were persisters, 14.4% were desisters, and 16.9% were emergers. For stimulation, persisters (β=-0.16, 95% CI: -0.25, -0.06) and emergers (β=-0.25, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.14), but not desisters (β=-0.02, 95% CI: -0.14, 0.11), were less engaged in stimulation than fathers who never perpetrated IPV. However, for spanking, there were no differences in the associations by father IPV profiles.ConclusionsFindings suggest that fathers’ perpetration of IPV is related to their stimulation practices. Partner-abusive men and their children may benefit from parenting programs that promote engagement in stimulation and improve the quality of parent-child relationships.     

例外簇元与集值互补问题

在文献［5-10］中Isac等人发现当多值互补问题无解时,与之相联系的映象一定存在一个序列满足一组条件,Isac等人称这个序列为例外簇,另一方面,当多值互补问题有解时,与之相联系的映象一定不存在例外簇。该文证明了几类互补理论所涉及的非线性映象没有例外簇元,并得出与之相联系的集值互补问题（MCP）是可解的。     

影响家园互动质量的因素及其问题分析

家园互动是幼教改革的大趋势。家长和教师的态度及孩子的行为是影响家园互动质量的主要因素。目前,在家园互动中存在家长和教师态度消极、孩子缺位等问题,因此,亟需增强家长等主体的参与意识,进而建立平行性互动关系。     

Mapping experiences of pathological demand avoidance in Ireland

Pathological demand avoidance (PDA) is contended to be a distinct presentation within autism characterised by extreme levels of anxiety in response to the demands of everyday life, manifested in excessive levels of demand avoidance. This results in complex interactions with service providers in education and health settings, impacting on outcomes for individuals and their families. This national study sought to gather the viewpoints of individuals who experience PDA, families, and practitioners, with the intention of determining levels of knowledge, recognition and understanding of PDA; exploring current pathways to assessment and diagnosis; capturing experiences of access to education and healthcare services; identifying effective intervention and support strategies; and illuminating education and health outcomes for individuals and families. This mixed-method study collates survey responses from N = 264 parents, N = 9 life partners, N = 6 individuals experiencing PDA and N = 54 practitioners, and in-depth individual and focus group interviews from these cohorts. Findings suggest that a flexible, informed and individualised approach to assessment and service provision for individuals presenting with a PDA profile is essential. Practitioners universally referred to the necessity for a streamlined, integrated and multi-disciplinary approach. The reported disconnect between education and health systems indicates a need for access to services on an equitable basis.     

Parental spanking of 1-year-old children and subsequent child protective services involvement

The majority of U.S. parents spank their children, often beginning when their children are very young. We examined families (N = 2,788) who participated in a longitudinal community-based study of new births in urban areas. Prospective analyses examined whether spanking by the child's mother, father, or mother's current partner when the child was 1-year-old was associated with household CPS involvement between age 1 and age 5. Results indicated that 30% of 1-year-olds were spanked at least once in the past month. Spanking at age 1 was associated with increased odds of subsequent CPS involvement (adjusted odds ratio = 1.36, 95% CI [1.08, 1.71], p < .01). When compared to non-spanked children, there was a 33% greater probability of subsequent CPS involvement for children who were spanked at age 1. Given the undesirable consequences of spanking children and a lack of empirical evidence to suggest positive effects of physical punishment, professionals who work with families should counsel parents not to spank infants and toddlers. For optimal benefits, efforts to educate parents regarding alternative forms of discipline should begin during the child's first year of life.     

Service family support – a small-scale project of educational psychologists working with parents

Being in a Service family can be a difficult position for children and parents alike due to high levels of mobility, parental separation, and the remaining parent’s stress and emotional well-being. A Service family is defined as a family with one or both parents employed by the Ministry of Defence (MOD). The current project looked at the under-researched area of supporting parents in Service families with an intervention funded by the MOD. Work carried out involved inviting parents of primary aged children to take part in consultation sessions and parent discussion groups, facilitated by educational psychologists (EPs). These looked at the psychological concepts of separation, anxiety, self esteem and friendship as well as positive psychology. Outcomes indicated that parents experienced an increase in confidence and a decrease in concern following the consultation sessions. Parents valued the support of the group and found the sessions practical and informative. This intervention filled a gap in support for Service parents and indicates a role for EPs in terms of further input and research.